Lecture
Chapter 1.
§ 1. 5. 19; 1; 39; 227. 6. 33 dm3. 7. 25 %. 8. 3.2 ∙ 105 t. 9. 250 thousand t; 280 thousand m3. 10. 9.03 ∙ 1022.
§ 2. 4. a) 17 and 60; b) 310 and 250. 6. a) 0.158; b) 0.201. 8. Chromium. 9. 23.3 %. 10. 0.5 kg.
§ 3. 7. 0.393 > 0.324. 8. Phosphorus, potassium phosphate. 10. 48.3 %.
§ 4. 3. 0.25 mol. 4. a) 33.6 dm3; b) 33.6 m3. 5. a) 60; 60 g/mol; 0.25 mol; 1.51 ∙ 1023 molecules; 14.29 cm3; b) 27; 27 g/mol; 0.556 mol 3.34 ∙ 1023 atoms; 5.56 cm3; c) 32; 32 g/mol; 0.47 mol; 2.82 ∙ 1023 molecules; 10.5 dm3; d) 71; 71 g/mol; 0.211 mol; 1.27 ∙ 1023 molecules; 4.73 dm3. 6. O2 — 32 a.m.u.; 5.3 ∙ 10–23 g; 5.3 ∙ 10–26 kg; H2O — 18 a.m.u.; 2.99 ∙ 10–23 g; 2.99 ∙ 10–26 kg. 7. 248 g. 8. 9.03 ∙ 1022. 9. 360 g. 10. 35.3 %.
§ 5. 6. 8.1 g. 7. 2.93 m3 (s.t.p.). 8. 14.6 g. 9. a) Fe3O4; b) Ca(NO3)2; c) Cl2O7; d) Na2SO3. 10. 0.84 g CaO; 0.2 g MgO.
§ 6. 3. a) 8; b) 11; c) 2.4; d) 8.5. 4. NO, C2H6, CH2O. 6. 350 m3; 1667 m3. 7. 120 m3. 8. 5.35. 9. С4Н10. 10. С2Н6О.
Chapter 2.
§ 7. 7. 9 varieties. 9. 63.56. 10. 12.011.
§ 8. 8. 2.64 ∙ 1020. 9. 
. 10. a) 1.95 ∙ 1013 J/mol; b) 8.30 ∙ 1013 J/kg.
§ 9. 9. 3.61 ∙ 1023. 10. Ca.
§ 10. 9. 19.8 g.
§ 11. 10. The volume of HCl is 2.147 times less than the volume of NH3.
§ 12. 9. 9.2. 10. Se.
Chapter 3.
§ 13. 9. 1.44 ∙ 1025. 10. 415.5 kJ/mol.
§ 14. 10. 22 kJ.
§ 15. 10. +6.
§ 16. 8. 1.25 kg Pb ; 2.5 kg Bi; 1.25 kg Sn. 9. n(Sn) : n(Pb) : n(Bi) : n(Cd) = 1.00 : 1.15 : 2.28 : 1.07. 10. 4.8 ∙ 1022.
§ 17. 9. 50.9 mol. 10. СН3ОН.
Chapter 4.
§ 18. 10. 0.3 mol; 1.81 ∙ 1023.
§ 19. 2. 13 kJ. 3. CaO, 116 kJ. 4. 2.24 dm3. 5. 176 kJ. 6. Q = 3510 kJ. 7. 32.8 and 45.1 kJ/g. 8. 0.28 mol. 9. 2Ag2O(s) = 4Ag(s) + O2(g) – 62 kJ. 10. 204.4 kJ.
§ 20. 7. a) 5 ∙ 10–3 mol/(dm3 ∙ s); b) 2.5 ∙ 10–3 mol/(dm3 ∙ s). 8. a) 1.7 ∙ 10–5 mol/ (dm3 ∙ s); b) 5.6 ∙ 10–6 mol/ (dm3 ∙ s). 9. Will increase by 0.03 mol/dm3. 10. 1.0 ∙ 10–3 mol/(dm3 ∙ s); ∆c(CO) = –0.02 mol/dm3, ∆c(CO2) = 0.02 mol/dm3.
§ 21. 9. 3.8 mol/dm3. 10. 2.22 ∙ 10–3 mol/(dm3 ∙ s).
§ 22. 10. 0.015 mol/dm3; 0.0175 mol/dm3.
Chapter 5.
§ 23. 4. a) KNO3, KCl; b) NaCl; c) HCl, SO2, NH3. 7. 44.4 %. 8. 31.6 g. 9. +132 g. 10. Will decrease by 62.8 g; 82.8 dm3.
§ 24. 2. 10 %. 3. 180 g, 19 820 cm3. 4. a) 0.3 mol/dm3, b) 0.3 mol/dm3. 5. 4.76 %. 6. 1.38 %. 7. 50 %, 7.1 mol/dm3. 8. 91.3 cm3, 10.2 mol/dm3. 9. 131.7 cm3. 10. 23.0 %.
§ 25. 7. 5.4 ∙ 1024. 8. 0.06 mol. 9. 6.5 ∙ 10–4 mol/dm3. 10. 0.0655 mol/dm3.
§ 26. 2. <7. 5. a) 4, b) 1. 6. 11. 7. a) 10–12 mol/dm3; b) 10–9 mol/dm3; c) 10–6 mol/dm3; d) 10–2 mol/dm3; e) 1 mol/dm3. рН = 2 corresponds to c(HCl) = 10–2 mol/dm3, рН = 14 corresponds to c(KOH) = 1 mol/dm3. 8. 10–4 mol/dm3. 10. 28.6 %, 3.
§ 27. 1. F–, 
, 
, 
, 
. 6. 4.26 g from 1 dm3. 7. 250 g. 8. 3020 g. 9. 40.8 g, 22.2 cm3. 10. 93.2 g; 338.6 g; 30.2 %.
Chapter 6.
§ 28. 6. 112.5 kg. 10. Cl2.
§ 29. 5. 269 dm3. 8. 10.8 MJ. 9. Ca. 10. 60 g.
§ 30. 3. 2.45. 4. 211 mol. 6. 1.57 %. 8. 15.8 m3. 9. 
§ 31. 4. 6.0 g. 5. 38.3 dm3 (s.t.p.). 9. 35 %. 10. 1.6 g.
§ 32. 4. 112 g. 7. a) 40 dm3; b) 310 m3 (s.t.p.). 8. 13.4 dm3 (s.t.p.). 10. 75 %.
§ 33. 8. 0.453 %. 9. 0.2 mol/dm3. 10. 3.69 %.
§ 34. 3. a) 2.86 g/dm3; b) 32; c) 2.21. 6. 6.72 dm3 (s.t.p.). 8. 2.24 dm3 (s.t.p.). 10. 26.7 %.
§ 35. 6. 7 %. 9. 8808 g. 10. 9 g.
§ 36. 6. Ca3N2. 8. 1.14 t. 10. 13.6 %.
§ 37. 3. 8.5; 0.586. 6. 2.24 dm3. 7. NH4HSO4. 10. 80 %.
§ 38. 7. 22.4 g. 10. 4.34 cm3.
§ 39. 5. 24.3 MJ. 9. 18 g Р2О5; 482 g water. 10. 4.3 m3 (s.t.p.); 3.16 kg.
§ 40. 5. a) 35 % and 47 %; b) 63 % and 68 %. 6. ω(N) = 12 %; ω(P2O5) = 62 %. 7. 1.14 t. 9. 77 kg. 10. CaHPO4 · 2H2O.
§ 41. 5. 7.5 m3. 6. 12.6 MJ. 10. 2.52 g NaHCO3; 0.53 g Na2CO3.
§ 42. 6. 22.2 kg; 20.9 kg; 75.3 kg. 10. 226 dm3.
Chapter 7.
§ 43. 8. Steel. 9. 30 g; 7.53 ∙ 1023. 10. Cr.
§ 44. 6. 448 cm3. 9. 9.42 dm3. 10. 16.8 g Fe, 19.2 g Cu.
§ 45. 5. 34.8 %; 57.7 %. 7. 20 408 telephones. 10. 1.85 t.
§ 46. 5. 107 g. 9. 561 g NaOH; 157 dm3 Cl2. 10. 6.2 kg.
§ 47. 2. 25.1 kJ. 8. 42.4 kg.
§ 48. 5. 16.8 dm3. 8. 0.05 mol/dm3. 9. a) 4.02 g; b) 0.36 g; c) 19.17 g.
§ 49. 6. 30.4 g. 9. 10.12 g. 10. 92.5 %.
§ 50. 4. 3.36 dm3. 7. 20.1 %. 9. 2.6 %.
Chapter 8.
§ 51. 8. 186 cm3. 9. ω(H3PO4) = 7.7 %, c(H3PO4) = 0.8 mol/dm3. 10. m((NH4)2HPO4) : m(NH4H2PO4) : m(KCl) = 4 : 3 : 14.
§ 52. 9. 1.09 ∙ 109 dm3; 1.09 ∙ 109 dm3. 10. ≈ 400 kg of (NH2)2CO solution; ≈ 600 kg of NH4NO3 solution; ω(N) ≈ 3 %.
§ 53. 9. 3.9 ∙ 10–4 %. 10. Yes.
Chapter 1.
§ 3.1. 7. 3500 m3; 15.3 t. 8. 0.84 dm3. 9. 0.75. 10. MgO — 0.4 g; CaO — 1.12 g.
§ 3.2. 7. Se. 9. 0.032 mol; 1.168 g. 10. 19.7 cm3.
§ 3.3. 9. рН > 7. 10. 5.58 %.
§ 3.4. 7. a) 5.33 %; b) 11.7 %. 8. a) 2.37 mol/L; b) 0.118 mol/L. 10. 1.88 g.
§ 3.5. 8. 20.5 g. 10. a) Р; b) S.
§ 6.1. 2. 0.05 mol/dm3. 3. 12.8 g. 4. 0.7 mol/dm3; 0.05 mol/dm3; 0.044 mol/dm3. 5. Will increase by a factor of 1.8; will have no effect. 6. СО — 4.96 ∙ 10–3; Н2 — 0.0198; СН4 — 4.96 ∙ 10–3; СО2 — 0.0149. 7. 2.08 ∙ 10–10 mol/dm3. 8. 9.375 ∙ 10–3 mol/dm3. 9. CaS. 10. 15.12 dm3.
Chapter 4.
§ 18.1. 7. 448 cm3. 8. ω(CuSO4) = 9.99 %; ω(ZnSO4) = 10.1 %. 10. 0.64 g.
§ 21.1. Law of mass action. 6. a) by a factor of 6; b) by a factor of 36; c) by a factor of 36. 7. 2 ∙ 10–3 dm6/(mol2 ∙ s). 8. ʋa : ʋb = 1 : 4. 10. 8 : 1.
Chapter 5.
§ 24. 1. 91.2 cm3; 10.2 mol/dm3. 2. 97.3 cm3; 42.8 %; 8.60 mol/dm3. 3. 63.4 cm3; 33.3 %. 4. 19.15 g; 111.9 cm3; 13.13 mol/dm3. 5. 97.7 g; 148.0 cm3; 2.57 mol/dm3. 6. 178 g; 191.9 cm3; 7.06 mol/dm3. 7. 217.2 g; 19.46 %; 198.4 cm3; 5.84 mol/dm3. 8. 48.9 cm3; 0.0699 g; 0.00699 %; 2.183 ∙ 10–3 mol/dm3. 9. 17.4 mol/dm3; 17.4 mol/dm3; yes; 1160 g; 60.0 %; 907 cm3; 9.59 mol/dm3. 10. 11.4 mol/dm3; 11.4 mol/dm3; yes; 1271 g; 26.2 %; 1060 cm3; 5.38 mol/dm3.
§ 26. 5. рН < 7. 6. Will decrease by a factor of 3. 7. рН = 0, c(OH−) = 10−14 mol/dm3; рН = 4, c(OH−) = 10−10 mol/dm3; рН = 7, c(OH−) = 10−7 mol/dm3; рН = 11, c(OH−) = 10−3 mol/dm3; рН = 14, c(OH−) = 1 mol/dm3. 9. 2.9 ∙ 10–15 and 5.5 ∙ 10–13 (mol/dm3)2. 10. 28.6 %; рН = 3.
§ 27. 7. рН < 7. 8. α = 28.6 %, рН = 3. 9. n(Al2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O) = 0.5 mol; n(NH3) = 3 mol. 10. 7.42 g.
§ 27.1. 10. 1.79 dm3.
Chapter 6.
§ 29.1. 9. РН3. 10. φ(HCl) = 0.8; φ(H2) = 0.2.
§ 29.2. 5. 2 %. 10. 11.01 dm3.
§ 32.1. 5. 120 g. 6. Will decrease by a factor of 1.5. 7. 20.448. 9. 1.85 dm3. 10. 27.3 g.
§ 37.1. 10. 0.365 %.
Chapter 7.
§ 48.1. 10. 99.8 g; 4.37 %; 8.98 %.
§ 48.2. 6. рН < 7. 7. 68 cm3. 8. 75 g. 9. 60 %. 10. 4.48 dm3; 35 %.
§ 50.1. 9. 3.36 dm3. 10. 11.1 dm3.
§ 50.2. 9. 4.44 kg. 10. 0.5 mol/dm3.
§ 50.3. 9. 11 : 5. 10. ω(Zn) = 85.7 %; ω(Fe) = 10.5 %; ω(Si) = 3.77 %.
Chapter 8.
§ 51.1. 4. 16.8 t. 5. 98.9 dm3. 6. m(CuSO4 ∙ 5H2O) = 40 kg; m(Ca(OH)2) = 30 kg. 7. In KCl — 63 % K2O; in (NH4)3PO4 — 48 % P2O5, 28 % N; in KNO3 — 47 % K2O, 14 % N. 8. m(KNO3) : m(NH4NO3) : m((NH2)2CO) = 10 : 4 : 3. 9. m(NH4NO3) : m(Ca(H2PO4)2 ∙ H2O) : m(KCl) = 8 : 10 : 9; m(NH4H2PO4) : m((NH2)2CO) : m(KCl) = 5 : 2 : 5. 10. m(H3BO3) — 5.6 kg; m((NH4)2MoO4) — 1.3 kg; m(MnSO4 ∙ 5H2O) — 32.9 kg.
| Question number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | |||||
| 1 | c | a, b, c, d | a, c, d | b | d |
| 2.1 | b, d | a, b, d | b, c | a, d | a |
| 3.1 | a, c | b, d | b, c, d | a, c | c |
| 3.2 | a, d | a, c, d | b, c | c | c, d |
| 3.3 | a, c | b, d | a, c, d | a, c, d | b |
| 3.4 | a, b, c, d | d | a, c, d | c | b |
| 3.5 | a | a, b | a, b, d | a, b, d | c |
| 4 | a, b, c, d | a, d | b, d | d | c |
| 5 | b, c | b, c | a, b, d | c | b, c |
| 6 | b | a, b, d | b, c, d | a, d | d |
| 6.1 | a, c | b | b, c, d | b | a, c, d |
| 7 | b, c, d | a, c, d | b, c | b | c |
| 8 | a, b | c, d | a, d | a, d | b, d |
| 9 | d | b, d | b | a, b, c, d | b, d |
| 10 | c, d | a, d | a | a, b, c | a, c |
| 11 | b, c, d | b, c | b, c, d | c | d |
| 12 | d | a, c, d | b, c, d | a, c | c |
| 13 | a, c, d | a, d | b, c | b, d | a, d |
| 14 | a, d | b, c | b, c, d | b | a, d |
| 14.1 | a, b, d | b, d | b, c | b, c | a, d |
| 15 | b, c, d | d | a, b, d | b, c | c |
| 16 | a, b, d | a | c, d | b, c, d | d |
| 17 | b, c | c | b, d | b, d | a, b, d |
| 18 | c | c, d | a, b | b, d | a, b, c |
| 18.1 | a, d | b | a, b, c, d | b, c | c, d |
| 19 | a, b, d | a, c | b, c | c | d |
| 20 | a | d | a, c, d | b | d |
| 21 | a, b, d | a, b | a, b, d | c | b |
| 21.1 | d | a, b, c | a | a, b, c, d | c |
| 22 | a, c | a, c, d | a, c, d | d | c |
| 23 | a, c, d | c | b, c | b, d | a, c |
| 24 | a, b | b, c, d | a, c, d | b | a |
| 25 | a, c | c, d | a, c | a, b, c | b |
| 26 | a, b, c, d | a, d | d | d | a, b |
| 27 | b, c, d | b | a, d | a | a, b, c |
| 27.1 | b, c, d | a, c | a, b, d | b, d | a, b |
| 28 | b, c | b, d | a, d | a, b, d | d |
| 29 | c, d | a, b | a, b | a, c, d | d |
| 29.1 | b, c, d | a, c | a, c | b, c | c |
| 29.2 | c | c | a, b, c | a, b | b, c, d |
| 30 | d | a, c, d | a, c | b, c, d | d |
| 31 | a | a, b, c | b, c, d | b | a, d |
| 32 | b | a, c | a, b, d | b, c, d | d |
| 32.1 | b | a, b, c, d | b | a, b | a, d |
| 33 | a, b, c, d | d | a, b, d | b | b |
| 34 | c | d | a, b, c, d | b, c, d | d |
| 35 | a, b | b | a, b, c | d | a, b, c |
| 36 | b | a, b | d | a, b, c | a, b, c |
| 37 | b, c, d | b, d | b, c | c | b, c |
| 37.1 | a, d | b, c | a, b, c | b, c | a |
| 38 | a, c | b, d | a, b, d | b, c | d |
| 39 | a, d | b, c | a, b, c | b, d | d |
| 40 | a, c, d | b | a, d | c, d | d |
| 41 | b, d | a, b, c | c, d | b | a, b |
| 42 | c, d | a, c, d | a, c, d | a | b |
| 43 | c, d | b, c, d | a, b | a, b | a, d |
| 44 | a, c | a, c, d | c, d | a, c | c |
| 45 | a, b, d | b, c | b, c | a, d | c, d |
| 45.1 | c, d | a, b | c, d | a, c, d | c |
| 46 | a, b, c, d | d | a | c | a, b, c |
| 47 | d | a, b | b, c | b, c | a, c, d |
| 48 | b, d | a, b | a, b, c | a, c | c |
| 48.1 | a | a, b, c, d | b, d | a | b, c |
| 48.2 | a, c | a, d | b, c | b | a, c |
| 49 | a, b, d | b, d | a, b, c | c | c |
| 50 | a, c | b | b, c | a, b, c, d | c |
| 50.1 | a, b, c | b | b, d | a, b, d | c |
| 50.2 | a, b | a, b, c | b | d | a, b, d |
| 50.3 | b, c | b, c, d | b, c | d | a, c |
Comments