§ 3. Tools

Graphic works are performed using drawing tools. A set of such tools, placed in a special case, is called more ready. Available in various types of ready. To carry out drawing and copying works with pencil and ink, there are universal preparators (U), having in their set a different number of tools: U9, U9-L, U10, U11, U14, U14-L, U15, U24, U32. The number indicates the number of tools in the kit.

For drawing and design work in pencil, the following are produced: design (K), design large (KB), design small (KM and KM-L). For the performance of student work, school teachers are issued (W). The best are sets of drawing instruments made of brass (except Y9, Y14, KM and III).

The main drawing tools in the composition are ready are as follows.

A drawing compass is designed to draw circles and arcs of various radii (at least 3-4 mm). A needle insert, circulator, pencil leg and extension cord are attached to the compass, which allows making circles with a diameter up to 450 mm. When working with a compass, the needle and the reedfeder (or pencil inset) should be installed perpendicular to the surface of the paper.

The compass marking is designed to measure distance and lay lengths in the drawing. When working with compasses, the needles of both legs should be the same height.

Drop calipers are used to draw circles of small diameter. It for the convenience of the rotating leg is made freely moving along the axis of the caliper. Attached to the calipers pencil inset and circular drawing pen.

Penket is used to draw curves from the hand or under the curve. Consists of a hollow plastic handle, an axis with a screw fixing the legs in a fixed position and a pen with a curved leg.

The long-faceter with wide cheeks and a separating nut is used to draw lines up to 1.5 mm thick. Regulation of the thickness of the lines is carried out with the help of a screw and a nut with divisions. I

Centric is used when conducting concentric circles. It is arranged in the form of a button, in the head of which there is a recess for the needle of the leg of a compass.