Lecture
In V. A. Labunskaya's concept of impeded and non-impeded communication, the main emphasis is placed on the transformative activity of the subject in the process of interacting with the surrounding world. The core idea is an understanding of the subject of communication as an active participant capable of bringing about changes both in themselves and in their environment, depending on their level of development and individual characteristics. According to this concept, the subject of communication is assessed according to such criteria as the orientation, intensity, and quality of transformative activity, which is manifested in their personal traits and, at the same time, is determined by them.
These criteria make it possible to determine the type of the subject of communication and to examine their relations with the world and with themselves. It is important to note that this concept takes into account not only the psychological component related to the quality of changes in the subject's personality, but also the sociocultural norms and values that determine socially acceptable or antisocial communication.
Based on the analysis of the subject of communication according to these criteria, two fundamental types of subjects are identified: the subject of impeded communication and the subject of non-impeded communication. Understanding these types of subjects makes it possible to more deeply investigate and understand their modes of interaction and their transformative activity in the context of communication.
In this concept, the emphasis is placed on the subject's transformative activity corresponding to their level of development and to the distinctiveness of the individual's properties and abilities, and to their reflexive awareness of their own personal relations and interrelations with the world. Proceeding from this understanding of the subject of communication, the criteria for determining their types are the orientation, intensity, and quality of transformative activity, manifested in their subject
-related, personal traits and, at the same time, conditioned by them. The provisions of the concept are as follows:
1) the subject brings about objective and subjective changes and carries out a qualitatively defined determination of personality changes corresponding to a given level;
2) the subject of communication is revealed through their orientation, attitudes, value orientations, and through their system of relations;
3) the transformative activity of the subject of communication is directed at the physical, psychological, and socio-psychological properties of the personality, changes
in which occur within a range from complete physical and psychological destruction to creation, to formation (the actualization of personal growth);
4) the transformative activity of the personality, unfolding within their system of relations, must be considered with regard to such a parameter as socially acceptable or antisocial communication, interaction, and behavior;
5) the subject of communication and the quality of their transformative activity must be viewed through the lens of social and cultural-psychological norms;
6) the transformative activity of the subject of communication must be correlated not only with the psychological notion of the «normality – abnormality»
of personality development, based on qualitative parameters of change, but also with the concept of social norm, based on the premise of the intensity, strength, and sign of the personality's transformative activity and their correspondence to socially accepted standards of behavior;
7) the combination of the psychological characteristics of «normality – abnormality» of the personality of the subject of communication with ideas about the social norm introduces the notion of «the subject's transformative activity» into the context of social psychology and makes it possible to consider the subject of communication along the coordinates of «normality –
abnormality,» where the «abnormality» pole may have either a prosocial or an antisocial vector. Thus, the basic, fundamental
types of the subject of communication are those identified on the basis of the core criterion of subjectivity – the quality of the personality's transformative activity in relation to oneself and others, as represented in their system of relations. These are considered to be the subjects of dialogical and monological communication, or subjects of personal and object-oriented communication – indicating the orientation of the subject's transformative activity (toward oneself or others) and their leading relations to another person and to themselves. At the same time, little attention is given to differentiating the quality of the consequences of the subject's transformative activity.
An exception is work within humanistic psychology of communication, which emphasizes a personal attitude and the creativity of transformative activity directed primarily at oneself, and which is classified as research concerned with the study of optimal communication
The second line of research into the quality and intensity of the transformative activity of the subject of communication is the psychology of impeded communication and the adjoining branches of social psychology (for example, the psychology of conflict interaction), the psychology of aggressive and destructive behavior,
and loneliness. The third is the psychology of deviant and delinquent behavior,
violence, cruelty, and so on. The fourth comprises works that take into account the nature of the subject's transformative activity, carried out at the intersection of clinical
psychology, pathopsychology, and the social psychology of personality. The fifth is the study of personality from the standpoint of its leading relations, properties, and qualities, revealing the specific features of its transformative activity.
An analysis of the works, carried out on the basis of the fundamental criterion of the subject of communication – their subjectivity, as represented in the system of relations toward another, distinguished by the quality of «normality – abnormality,» by a «destructive – constructive» force and by the degree of its intensity – makes it possible to identify 2 fundamental types of subjects of communication: the subject of impeded communication and the subject of non-impeded communication. The subject of communication becomes a «subject of non-impeded and impeded communication» in accordance with their system of relations, which influences their transformative activity, leading either to the creation or to the destruction not only of the other, but of themselves as well.
Thus, this concept is an important tool for analyzing and investigating various types of communication and makes it possible to more fully understand the role of the subject of communication in the communication process, as well as the influence of their transformative activity on the surrounding world and on their own development.
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