Lecture
Decision support systems can be created in order to improve the effectiveness of managerial and economic decision-making. The characteristics of decision support systems, as well as the limits and possibilities of their application, are largely determined by the content of the basic methodological aspects of the creation and functioning of these systems.
The first methodological aspect — the possible results of the functioning of a DSS — distinguishes DSSs aimed only at processing the initial information; at processing information and constructing alternative and (or) final decisions; at constructing alternative decisions and (or) final decisions.
The second methodological aspect — the extent to which the decision support system covers methodological information — distinguishes DSSs considered in the broad and narrow sense.
The third methodological aspect — the structure of the decision support system, which is a consequence of the extent to which the decision support system covers methodological information (the second methodological aspect of the creation and functioning of a DSS) and is determined by the content of the specific tasks being solved — for a DSS considered in the broad sense, presupposes the presence of three subsystems. Two of them provide informational and methodological support for decision-making, while the third subsystem contains the description and solution of the specific task assigned to the DSS. The content of a DSS considered in the narrow sense coincides with the content of subsystem 3 of the extended decision support system.
The fourth methodological aspect — the way decisions are formed within the system — distinguishes ordinary DSSs, in which a decision is formed on the basis of rules built into the system in advance, from higher-level DSSs: intelligent DSSs, in which a decision is formed according to rules generated by the system itself on the basis of the initial data and the knowledge base, and expert systems, in which a decision is formed not only on the basis of the initial data and the knowledge base, but also on the basis of a dialogue between the system and the DM (a specialist) with experience in the field under study.
When creating a specific decision support system, account must be taken of the possible content of each of the methodological aspects that corresponds to the purpose of creating that particular system.
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