Lecture
The management of complex systems generally occurs under conditions of incomplete information, ignorance of the laws governing its functioning, and constant change in external factors. Therefore, the processes of management and decision-making are iterative in nature. After a decision has been made and a control action applied, it is necessary to assess the state the system is in and decide whether we are moving correctly along the strategically outlined path. If the deviations turn out to be unsatisfactory, the decisions must be corrected so as to reduce the deviations, and new control actions must be formed. In this sense, the conceptual model of an organization's management structure can be supplemented if, among the levels of decision-making, one distinguishes a functional feedback-based regulation loop (Fig. 4.3).
Definition
Feedback — is the effect of the results of the functioning of some system or object on the character of that functioning.
Fig. 4.3. Functional regulation based on the feedback principle
According to the model introduced, at the strategic level decisions are made about the organization's global long-term goals and the main directions for achieving them, on the basis of which plans and programs for the organization's development over several years are created.
The operational regulation loop shown in Fig. 4.3 is intended precisely for tracking the execution of these strategic plans and programs in real time. Through direct communication, managers transmit to executors the regulating commands that implement the strategic development programs, while through the feedback channel, with the help of IT specialists, they receive information about the deviations of the organization's current state from the planned program state, which allows them to make decisions and form corrective regulating actions aimed at minimizing these deviations. In this sense, managers who perform the function of regulating the state of the organization in order to achieve the goals set by the organization's top-level executives are regulators rather than managers, as they are conventionally called in Russian.
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