Lecture
To make a well-founded decision on any complex problem, it is necessary to identify a set of criteria that would fully reflect all aspects of the stated goal, without being redundant. This task requires in-depth analysis both from specialists in specific fields of knowledge and from specialists in the field of decision-making. Although such a task is difficult to formalize, a number of important properties that the chosen set of criteria should possess can be identified. Let us describe these properties.
1 .Completeness. A set of criteria is called complete if the use of additional criteria does not change the result of solving the problem, while discarding at least one of the existing criteria, on the contrary, leads to a change in it.
In other words, the set of criteria should give a clear picture of the goal set by the DM and the degree of its attainability. It is necessary to weed out criteria that do not affect the stated problem.
2. Non-redundancy. Different criteria from the existing set should not account for the same aspect of the consequences.
For example, when considering the problem of optimizing cargo transportation, there is no need to account for the transportation costs on a given section of road and the fuel consumption on it at the same time, since the second indicator contributes to the formation of the first.
3. Minimality. The set should contain as few criteria as possible.
Although this property in a certain sense contradicts the property of completeness, it is necessary to reach a compromise between unjustified complexity of the problem and completeness in describing its properties and characteristics.
4. Operationality. Each criterion should characterize a well-defined aspect of the consequences and have a clear and unambiguous meaning.
This property presupposes the decomposition of the goal set by the DMP. In this sense, it contradicts the property of minimality, which, on the contrary, presupposes the aggregation of criteria. In this case as well, a compromise has to be reached.
5. Measurability. Each criterion must allow the possibility of being assessed on some scale.
The assessment of a criterion can be carried out either through physical measurements or derived by expert means. As a result, in order to solve the DMP, it is necessary for each criterion to have its own objective function.
Thus, the chosen system of criteria should take into account all the properties and aspects of the consequences that need to be considered when comparing different variants of feasible decisions, but should not be overloaded in doing so
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