In descriptive decision-making models, due to the subjective nature of the formation of preference rules and the making of a final decision on their basis, the DM can make mistakes and therefore can obtain incorrect results.
The causes of errors, i.e. the causes of the DM falling into such psychological traps, can be the following psychological phenomena:
- • the F. Irwin phenomenon', the essence of which lies in overestimating the significance and probability of the desired result occurring;
- • the phenomenon of a positive shift in risk (the R. Stoner phenomenon) , manifested in the fact that group decision-making is characterized by the choice of a riskier decision than individual decision-making;
- • the "problem absorption" phenomenon, in which an unjustifiably large amount of effort is spent on collecting and analyzing information, which turns out to be unjustified from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the managerial decision itself;
- • the "universality of the alternative" phenomenon, in accordance with which, either due to insufficient professionalism, or limited time, or fear of making a new decision in a new situation, the choice is made according to a template, according to a stereotype.
Note!
A phenomenon of a person's psychological behavior is a variant of a person's psychological behavior in the formation of preference rules used when choosing an alternative decision, which leads to the fact that the real results of the alternative selection may be worse than expected.
In addition to the general phenomena listed, there are specific psychological phenomena related to the peculiarities of individual and group decision development.
- ' 1: http://mbe2009.ru/prinyatie_upravlencheskih_resheniy (date accessed: 03.08.2015).- Ibid.
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