Lecture
The textual material of a scholarly work is quite diverse. It includes (in addition to the elements of composition and heading structure discussed above) letter designations, quotations, references, enumerations, etc., i.e. everything that requires knowledge of special technical and orthographic rules when formatting.
Scholarly texts contain many enumerations (lists) consisting of both complete and incomplete phrases.
Incomplete phrases are written with a lower-case letter and are designated by Arabic numerals or lower-case letters with a closing half-round bracket. There are two variants for formatting such phrases.
1. The enumeration consists of individual words (or short phrases without punctuation marks inside), which are run in with the rest of the text and separated from one another by a comma. For example:
Turbines are divided into three types: 1) active, 2) reactive and 3) combined.
2. The enumeration consists of expanded phrases with their own punctuation marks. Here the parts of the enumeration are most often written on a new line and separated from one another by a semicolon. For example:
The new machine differs from the old one:
a) by the presence of a shielding screen;
b) by a higher drill rotation speed;
c) by better insulation of the wiring, distribution boards and control panel.
In the case where the parts of the enumeration consist of complete phrases, they are written with paragraph indents, begin with a capital letter and are separated from one another by a full stop. For example:
By operating principle, automobile and motorcycle engines are divided into two main groups:
Carburettor engines. These include the engines of automobiles and the engines of motorcycles.
Diesel engines. These are primarily the engines of heavy trucks, running on diesel fuel.
The text of all elements of an enumeration must be grammatically subordinate to the main introductory phrase that precedes the enumeration.
The main introductory phrase must not be broken off on a preposition or a conjunction (at, from, to, that, as, etc.).
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