Integers

natural numbers are one of the oldest mathematical concepts.

In the distant past, people did not know the numbers, and when they needed to count objects (animals, fish, etc.), they did not do it the way we do now. The number of objects was compared with parts of the body, for example, with fingers on a hand and said: “I have as many nuts as many fingers on my hand”.

Over time, people realized that five nuts, five goats and five hares have a common property - their number is five.

When counting the number zero is not used. Therefore, zero is not considered a natural number.

People learned to write numbers much later than to count. First of all, they began to depict the unit with one stick, then with two sticks - the number 2, three - the number 3.

Then, special signs appeared to denote numbers - the forerunners of modern numbers. The numbers we use to record numbers were born in India about 1,500 years ago. The Arabs brought them to Europe, so they are called Arabic numerals .

A total of ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. With the help of these numbers you can write any natural number.

In the natural number, each number is greater than the previous one by 1.

The natural series is infinite, the greatest natural number does not exist in it.

The counting system that we use is called the decimal positional.

Decimal because 10 units of each category form 1 unit of the highest category. Positional because the value of a digit depends on its place in the record of a number, that is, on the digit in which it is recorded.

Class of billions

If we take ten hundred million, we get a new bit unit - one billion or in writing in numbers.

Ten of these units - ten billion, ten tens of billions form the next unit - one hundred billion.

Discharges and classes of natural numbers

Consider the natural number 783 502 197 048:

C using the table of digits read this number. To do this, from left to right, in turn, call the number of units of each class and add the name of the class.

The name of the class of units is not pronounced, nor is the name of the class pronounced, if all three digits in its digits are zeros.

Now we will read the number 783 502 197 048 from the table: 783 billion 502 million 197 thousand 48.

The numbers 1, 10, 100, 1000 ... are called bit units . With their help, the natural number is written in the form of bit terms. So, for example, the number 307 898 will look like bit terms.

You can check your calculations with our online calculator.

The classes following the billion are named after the Latin names of numbers. Each next unit contains a thousand previous ones.

• 1,000 billion = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 trillion ("three" in Latin "three")
• 1,000 trillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000 = 1 quadrillion (“quadra” means “four” in Latin)
• 1,000 quadrillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000 = 1 quintillion ("quint" - in Latin "five")

It is impossible to recalculate all numbers, since each number is followed by a number per unit greater, but very large numbers in everyday life are not needed.

However, physicists have calculated that the number of atoms — the smallest particles of matter — in the entire Universe does not exceed the number expressed by a unit with one hundred zeros. This number has received a special name - googol .