9. Prevention of alcoholism, chifirism, substance abuse and drug addiction in places of social isolation

The fight against alcoholism in places of social exclusion. The fact that minors before social isolation were not only familiar with alcohol, but systematically used it, is well known to all. Alcoholization influenced the development of their personality. It is known that the modern alcoholism of minors significantly "younger". Many of the socially isolated learned the taste of alcohol up to 7 years of age. The average age of onset of systematic alcohol use is 13, and for offenders it is 11 years.
A significant proportion of minors in special schools, special vocational schools, VCs and receiver-distributors committed offenses while intoxicated. Another part of the intent to commit a crime arose in a sober state, and alcohol was only a “trigger” (these people drank “for courage” before committing the offense). There is also a third group of minors who committed a crime in a sober form, but with the aim of obtaining funds for the purchase of alcoholic beverages. Finally, it is necessary to single out minors, especially older ones, who were registered in drug treatment cabinets, whose need for alcohol is also manifested in places of social isolation, which causes them to look for illegal ways to purchase alcohol or get substitutes for them (nitro paints, cologne, solvents, etc. .) and become substance abusers. Such a moment is also important: the majority of juvenile offenders have a hereditary alcoholic burden (the father or mother were either alcoholics or both parents); at the same time, it is possible to talk about criminal burdened (tm) adolescents (in a number of special vocational schools of every second or third adolescent, the father or mother is in places of imprisonment). The accumulation of a mass of minors with extensive experience in the use of alcohol leads to the predominance of group mental dependence over the individual in the use of alcohol. Therefore, these people tend to unite in groups of social isolation in order to meet the need for alcohol.
Since it cannot be legally obtained, they embark on the path of illegally acquiring alcohol, for which they enter into illicit contacts with morally unstable persons who, for some reason (production, service, etc.) may find themselves in the territory of ". For alcohol and its substitutes, adolescents who are addicted to it are ready for all the requirements and conditions dictated by "authorities" or "owners of the route" (minors, through whom alcohol enters the zone). They not only serve the "authority" or "owner of the track", but also do the work of "mining" unwanted persons, all the "dirty work".
The desire to purchase alcoholic beverages or their substitutes, the group nature of their use is contagiously affecting the rest of minors. Often, “authorities” deliberately suck up positively-promoted adolescent activists into alcoholic excesses, in order to compromise them and make it impossible to fight these negative phenomena in the “zone”.
Work in places of social isolation with persons who consume alcohol and its substitutes is carried out differentially, based on a combination of psychological and educational measures of influence with therapeutic and prophylactic and regime-preventive measures. These include:
- timely identification and dispensary registration of all minors who are subject to anti-alcohol treatment, as well as those who have undergone treatment and who need supporting therapy;
- conducting preventive and preventive measures aimed at preventing the penetration into the "zone" of alcoholic beverages or their substitutes;
- the establishment of a clear order and sequence of treatment procedures and medications, continuous monitoring of the course of treatment;
- carrying out activities aimed at identifying and preventing possible negative impact on these persons by outsiders and other minors;
- to create among the minors a moral and psychological atmosphere conducive to the implementation of active treatment and maintenance therapy (support by public opinion of people seeking to get rid of alcoholism), condemnation and criticism of those who evade treatment, as well as adolescents and youths who encourage unstable people to use alcohol and his substitutes;
- anti-alcohol education of all minors, aimed at the formation of sober attitudes, a healthy lifestyle, showing the social, economic, moral and somatic harm of alcoholism for individuals and society, its malignant nature;
- debunking alcoholic traditions and rituals that are alien to Russians;
- attraction to the anti-alcohol education of ministers of the Orthodox Church, various anti-alcohol societies and organizations (for example, Alcoholics Anonymous);
- identification and dissociation of groups of alcoholizing adolescents and young men;
- conducting rational individual and group psychotherapy with persons prone to alcohol use (being at the stage of domestic drunkenness), as well as with persons suffering from alcoholism in pronounced forms, aimed at instilling confidence in getting rid of the disease, prompting to actively and accurately follow the prescriptions of doctors, an effort of will to overcome the need for alcohol;
- carrying out, if necessary, coding according to the Dovzhenko method;
- identifying the causes, motives and ways of evading treatment and taking drugs by minors suffering from this disease, and taking individual therapeutic and educational measures to them (clarification and persuasion to one, decisive suppression of attempts to evade to others, the use of severe disciplinary measures to the third, etc.);
- a combination of treatment-and-prophylactic measures with occupational therapy (identification by minors of the type of work and workplace in training workshops with regard to their state of health, constant monitoring of their activities);
- the organization of rest and leisure for minors, taking into account their interests, the variety of opportunities for its implementation (involvement in sports, visual activity, in amateur art activities, art classes, etc.);
- strict control over the receipt of parcels by minors, broadcasts, parcels from relatives and acquaintances, the suppression of illegal entry of alcohol and its substitutes into the "zone" during meetings with relatives, through outsiders.
It should be borne in mind that the illegal entry of alcohol into the "zone" is now becoming a real disaster. In some institutions, up to a hundred liters of every potion is withdrawn in a month, there are often cases when, after a meeting with their parents, adolescents return to a special school while intoxicated, and there is no reason to talk about special vocational schools and VCs. Alcohol becomes, along with food, a kind of equivalent on the black market "zone". Everything can be purchased, exchanged for it, etc.
Therefore, antiallergy work in places of social isolation is carried out both with persons suffering from alcoholism or prone to its use, and with those minors who are not alcoholics. If with respect to the former, emphasis is placed on curbing the development of alcoholism and achieving sustainable remission, then in relation to the latter, the main attention is paid to preventing their initiation into alcohol, to develop strong sober settings.
Prevention of alcoholism is associated with overcoming a number of misconceptions and prejudices among minors, by virtue of which many of them consider moderate drinking not so much harmful as useful. Here are the results of a survey of minors in places of social exclusion about the value significance of alcohol for them.

Table 14.9. Value significance for juvenile alcohol

Why do I drink alcohol	As a percentage of respondents
one . Alcohol cheers up	28
2. Alcohol facilitates communication.	26
3. Alcohol reduces fatigue.	23
4. Alcohol helps you fall asleep faster.	21
5. Alcohol stimulates appetite.	21
6. Alcohol treats colds.	18
7. Alcohol helps keep warm.	17
8. Everyone uses, and therefore I use	31
9. I didn’t think why I use	15
10. Refused to answer	eight

Thus, among juveniles, the same misconceptions regarding alcohol are common among adults, but they have a more pronounced form and their own specifics. First of all, minors believe that alcohol is uplifting. For those in isolation, experiencing reduced mental states, in a state of frustration, stress, depression, this factor is important. However, few of them know that alcoholic mood is a kind of drug euphoria, i.e. painful, overly elevated mood, which quickly turns into drowsiness, causeless bitterness or irritability.
As for facilitating contacts between people, this factor also holds an important place for people isolated from society in an unfamiliar environment, emphasizing all the difficulties of preventing alcoholism in the “zone”, where everything is “alien”. However, the danger is that the contacts of persons who use alcohol are spontaneous, uncontrollable, are built on an unprincipled basis and often end in conflicts, fights, serious bodily injuries, murders, etc.
We talked in Chapter 1 about sleep disorders in individuals isolated from society. In order to overcome these violations, minors and resort to alcohol. But this misconception does not hold water. Although alcohol causes drowsiness, the sleep of a drunk person is shallow, does not give a complete rest. Getting used to such “sleeping pills” quickly leads to alcoholism.
The juveniles are persistently convinced that alcohol relieves fatigue, physical and mental stress. It is not by chance that alcoholic excesses are called “relaxation”: teenagers do not say that they drunk yesterday, but they say, “we relaxed fine yesterday”. But the constant use of alcohol for these purposes leads to a more frequent occurrence of fatigue and more pronounced stress after alcoholic excesses.
Often, minors use alcohol at the time of their meal (more often for dinner, to receive food packages and broadcasts), believing that alcohol stimulates appetite. Indeed, after drinking alcohol, appetite appears, but over time, the feeling of hunger diminishes, and the appetite disappears completely. Moreover, in chronic alcoholics the gastrointestinal tract atrophies, such people tend to suffer from ulcers and other diseases.
Minors in all seriousness argue that alcohol can be treated. However, under no diseases (including colds), alcohol cannot serve as a medicine, as it sharply weakens the body's resistance to various infections.
Juveniles are drunk at work, especially in cold weather when working outdoors, believing that you can warm up with alcohol. However, it is not allowed to use alcohol as a warming agent, to prevent frostbite and freezing. Most of all it freezes people in a state of alcoholic intoxication, because alcohol expands blood vessels, increases heat transfer and leads to rapid hypothermia and freezing of the person.
But the most striking argument in favor of alcohol use among minors is that “everyone uses it,” so they “don’t think about why they use it.” Attempts to explain the use of alcohol by the fact that it increases physical strength and mental performance are also untenable, because everything is the opposite.
Overcoming among the minors and their parents (as well as those who replace them) of these errors is an important condition for the prevention of alcoholism, the formation of the installation on a sober lifestyle. At the same time, the prevention of further alcohol abuse of minors in places of social isolation should have a solid "margin of safety", since after being released (released) from places of social isolation, many of them can get into and get into situations that provoke alcoholic excesses. At the same time, it is necessary to take care that after the release (release) the minors do not get into such provocative situations. This is achieved by a whole system of measures: providing the minor returned to society with housing, improving his family environment, eliminating the influence of the former microclimate on him, determining him in the workforce capable of performing the function of educators, securing him a public tutor, etc.
Chifirism and its prevention. Along with alcoholism, juvenile offenders have widespread Chifirism, i.e. the use of tea of ​​high concentration, prepared in a special way. Chifir is used as the most affordable substitute for alcohol. Use of chifira is a household substance abuse that significantly affects the health, psyche and behavior of a person.
Chifirism is more common in VK, but it is often found in special schools and special vocational schools, as well as among adolescents at large. They get to know him through persons who have served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, as well as those who have been treated in correctional hospitals. The experience of using chifir and methods of its preparation are usually brought to places of social isolation by teenagers who were engaged in vagrancy, who have been to more than one receiver-distributor, kept in pre-trial detention centers. The longer and more often the minors “traveled” around these institutions, the more their experience in numbering and consumption of food. Most often, simulants and aggravants (to call the heartbeat), criminals (for courage to perform an act of auto-aggression), people with mental illness (to call the state of "high"), members of criminal groups (to facilitate the process of communication, cheering up and t .), minors with a far-reaching alcoholization process (to replace alcohol).
Naturally, the use of chifira in places of social isolation is prohibited. Therefore, minors prepare it secretly, in unsanitary conditions, using for this purpose any containers (old cans, tin cans, etc.), home-made boilers, various accessories, heaters in training workshops, etc. Tea, cooking tools for chifira (boilers, heaters, dishes, etc.) are the subject of transactions and exchanges between minors. Tea is one of the main equivalents (along with money, alcohol, food) when exchanging on the black market "zones", payments in gambling, paying debt and various services (for tattooing, making prohibited items, for work done, for protecting from the claims of others, etc.).
Chifirism as a phenomenon creates grounds for speculation, the prosperity of the black market, destroys interpersonal and intergroup relations, gives rise to group-building and all-round co-operation of individuals involved in joint marketing and chi-fi processes, provoking conflicts between individual teenagers and various groups.
The reason for drinking chifira, as well as alcohol, are the birthdays of the members of the group, weekends and holidays, seeing friends off, the reception of newcomers. It is used as a warming agent (in the cold season), to raise the mood and "high", to facilitate communication, as a dope (when performing heavy work), etc.
Usually, the initiators of the use of chifira and its distribution are experienced minors (from the category of "experienced"), whom others tend to imitate. The use of chifira, as well as alcohol, by adolescents is explained by their increased suggestibility, the immaturity of social attitudes, curiosity, the desire to experience the unknown and the forbidden, the desire to bring diversity to everyday life, "kill time", "for the company" to survive the state of chifir euphoria. Contributes to this as a thoughtless attitude of minors to their health.
Illegally existing prison traditions in places of social isolation, various “laws” that encourage its use, the action of group psychology (infectiousness, imitation of others, the desire to be known as adults, self-affirmation, pressure from others, etc.) are motivated to use chifira. as part of the permanent groups formed for these purposes, to the extent that chifirism can be attributed to one of the most important group-forming factors in places of social exclusion.
The prevention and prevention of juvenile chifirism in places of social isolation is based on the same principles as the prevention of alcoholism. However, there is a certain specificity that must be considered. So, not everyone knows about the negative impact of chifir on health, and if they do, then this knowledge is wrong, obtained from adult criminals. First of all, its use inhibits appetite, causing stomach pain, heartburn. It disrupts the activity of the cardiovascular system (heartbeat, pain in the region of the heart, changes in blood pressure, pain in the temples and the back of the neck), and causes a serious breakdown of the nervous system. Constant use of chifira leads to tachycardia and hypotension, to a decrease in physical strength and endurance, impaired coordination of movements, deterioration of indicators in the use of mature skills, impaired memory, attention, mental disorder, a contraction of consciousness, and a weakened emotional-volitional sphere. The use of chifira leads to a person’s behavior disorder. In a state of euphoria, chifirists often receive domestic and work injuries; their productivity is deteriorating, conflict in relations with others increases; they often violate the regime, becoming difficult to control.
Identification and accounting of persons taking chifir is carried out by direct indicators (he was in an excited state, caught during chifirovareniya or using chifir, had chifir prepared for use with himself) and indirectly (belonging to a group engaged in chifirovarie; the purchase of large quantities of tea , manufacturing and storage of heaters, boilers, etc.).
Persons prone to using chifira are subject to strict round-the-clock control, both from educators, industrial training masters, workers in the security service, and juvenile self-government bodies.
It is important to create an intolerable situation around the team members, and their behavior must be strongly condemned, if they continue to use chifir, then we can resort to a boycott.
Urgent measures are being taken to divide the chifirist groups, transfer their members to different departments, brigades, and shifts. Each chifrist officially warned of disciplinary responsibility for the use of chifir. If a minor continues to be "chifirit", then disciplinary measures are applied. These persons are not subject to early release from special schools and special vocational schools, the release of VC.
Minors, who have suffered somatic and mental disorders as a result of using chifir, are sent to inpatient treatment facilities for inpatient treatment. On these examples, explanatory work should be developed, the specific harm and danger of chifir to human health is shown.
In the fight against chifirism among minors, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all employees, as well as the bodies of self-government of minors. The problem of combating chifirism is reflected in the comprehensive program of special vocational schools (special schools, VC) “Health”.
Prevention of substance abuse. The use of alcohol and chifira in places of social isolation is significantly limited by the measures taken to prevent it. Under these conditions, the compensation mechanism begins to operate. Thus, the minors try to compensate for the lack of alcohol by using chifira, and the lack of alcohol and chifira are compensated for by substance abuse, a painful addiction of a person to various toxic substances. It is a type of addiction, because the mechanism of dependence is the same: the harmful effects of psychoactive substances on the cerebral cortex.
To bring themselves into a state of euphoria ("high"), minors use different chemicals that are extremely dangerous to health. Most often, they swallow j large doses of potent drugs, inject through the skin or “sniff” acetone, gasoline, nitro-paints, varnishes, various aerosols, spray household chemicals into plastic bags, putting them on their heads. Often, such teenagers are found to be suffocated, with their heads stuck in a bag, falling from the attic (balcony), where they are “baldeli”, or burned alive. But even if this does not happen, substance abuse leads to the rapid destruction of the individual, because the brain is damaged. Drug addicts are unmanageable, they can not be trusted in anything. They become disgusting. Substance abuse leads to progressive destruction of the liver, kidneys, metabolic disorders, such damage to health, that it is no longer restored.
It is almost impossible to list all the toxic substances that addicts can use to bring themselves to a state of euphoria. In contrast to alcohol and chifira, this significantly complicates the identification of cases of taking toxic substances, the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, the adoption of urgent medical and preventive measures. As a result of mutual communication between minors and the “exchange of experience,” the range of these substances is dramatically expanding. Minors seek to test on themselves everything that comes hand in hand. At the same time, against many of these substances, even clear medical recommendations have not been developed.
But in most cases, these are symptoms of acute poisoning with complaints of pain in the area of ​​the liver, kidneys, heart and accompanied by vomiting, seizures, and impaired cardiovascular system.
The person “disconnects” from the outside world, the expression of the face becomes meaningless, the coordination of movements is disturbed, the speech becomes incoherent.
Sometimes educators, foremen of industrial training, sensitive workers and other employees are not able to give a correct assessment of this phenomenon, to precisely explain to minors what the consequences of substance abuse are. At the same time, the recommendations of medical specialists are often neglected.
When identifying people who are prone to substance abuse, attention is paid to minors who consumed alcohol, noticed in the "sniffing" of various chemicals (they and their clothes smell of acetone, gasoline, nitrokrasok, etc.), they often go with tampons, put on the nose, wet the hat or sleeve of the suit with an odorous liquid and occasionally bring them to the face, place handkerchiefs moistened with this liquid under the headdress, etc.
As with alcohol and coffee excesses, drug addicts are combined into groups. Consequently, it is important to identify these associations of minors in time and take measures for their separation, reorientation, and officially warn them about responsibility. It is important to timely limit the scope of activities of the so-called "experienced" teenagers and young men (who had contacts with experienced criminals in remand prisons, reception centers or at large), which contribute to the spread of substance abuse in places of social exclusion.
They consider toxic substances as substitutes for alcohol, chifira, and drugs. Substance abuse for minors is a definite substitute for social values. Accustomed to constant entertainment and relaxed behavior at liberty, minors find themselves in the harsh regime of the regime, with a firm schedule, the need to learn and work, which is for them. There appears to be a shortage of the natural impulse of life. Therefore, in closed educational and correctional institutions, minors are looking for ways to “cheer up” themselves. But the main means of such "encouragement", alcohol, is difficult to obtain, control is established over the use of chifir. Toxic substances remain minors and try to use them. Substance abuse is becoming the most important transitional link from alcoholism, chifirism to "pure" drug addiction.
One of the reasons for the growth of substance abuse in places of social isolation is that toxic substances are more materially available than drugs and chifir. You don’t have to pay for them, don’t need syringes, boilers, etc. You can use everything that is "at hand".
In each institution of social exclusion, given the extreme danger of this type of deviant behavior, a strategy to combat substance abuse should be developed. It should be based on the formation of an absolutely conscious attitude towards one’s health to the imperfectly old people, the conviction of the inadmissibility of experiments on one’s own psyche and one’s own health. To this end, classes in biology, human physiology, chemistry at school, out-of-school lectures, physician conversations, demonstration of popular science films, experiments with chemical and other toxic drugs on plants and protozoa living organisms showing the harm of toxic substances are widely used.
With the whole system of educational means it is necessary to develop in minors a negative attitude towards artificial methods of changing one’s condition, bringing oneself to “high”. Essential help here can provide methods of auto-training for overcoming painful conditions, depression, anxiety. In order to defuse conflict situations, methods of socio-psychological training are used, which help minors to build interpersonal and intergroup relations correctly, to overcome conflicts and feuds in their midst.
Minors take toxic substances mainly in the “zone”: in production (gasoline, acetone, various working emulsions, nitro-paints, varnish, polish, brake fluid, etc.); in the residential sector (various household chemicals intended to combat insects, rodents, etc.); in the dining room (cleaning chemicals); in the medical unit (drugs, liquids, infusions, pills left by the medical staff unattended or purchased from sick adolescents, as well as "successful" simulants and aggravating diseases). Therefore, the primary task of combating toxicomania is the proper organization of storage of all materials (liquids, aerosols, household chemicals, medicines) harmful to the life and health of a person in the workplace, in the residential sector, in the dining room, in the medical unit. Warehouseswhere fuels and lubricants, household chemicals, hazardous substances are stored, they are necessarily located outside the institution's territory, securely locked and guarded. Access by minors to toxic substances is made difficult.
Established strict control over the issuance, use and decommissioning of toxic substances for industrial, domestic and medical purposes. Directly in production, in training workshops for the correct use of toxic substances (acetone, kerosene, nitrokrasok, varnishes, etc.) is the master of industrial training. Substances obtained for production purposes should be consumed during its direct control, the remnants are delivered to the warehouse.
The use of household chemicals is allowed only to specially allocated for this purpose and trained individuals from among the staff, if various disinfection, sanitary epidemiological work is not performed by specialists of the sanitary epidemiological station (for example, the use of aerosols against cockroaches, mosquitoes, ants, other insects).
An indispensable rule for the prevention of substance abuse - compliance with strict accounting and reporting on the expenditure of all toxic substances.
Often, in order to achieve the effect of euphoria, minors use items of perfumery, especially those with an alcohol base. Therefore, you should establish control over the parcels and transfers, in which minors are trying to convey perfumery products. Unconditional seizure subject cologne, perfume, various toilet liquids, alcohol-based. It is explained to parents that the shipment and delivery of perfumery items having a spirit basis to teenagers and young people is prohibited.
In order to prevent the use of toothpaste, tooth powder and shoe polish as a means of "buzz", all personal toilet items are stored in the living rooms of study groups (departments). Minors take and use them only during the morning and evening dress under the supervision of a caregiver, after which they are immediately returned to their bedside table.
For each case of toxic intoxication an official investigation is carried out. Subject to mandatory identification of the channels of entry into the zone of toxic substances, as well as those responsible for this, to whom strict disciplinary measures are applied.
Minors who use toxic substances to the detriment of their health are subject to public and disciplinary responsibility.
Finding a minor in a state of toxic intoxication or using toxic substances, any employee of a special school (special vocational school, VC) immediately informs the management of the institution, the teacher of the department, the master of industrial training of the educational group (department) to which this teenager is included. If this is for some reason impossible to do, then he personally delivers the minor to the medical unit.
The management of the social isolation institution is obliged to ensure that the employees of their medical unit have internships (refresher courses) in medical institutions of the health authorities or institutes of advanced training, and each medical professional must masterly diagnose the main toxic poisonings and take urgent medical and preventive measures. In the case of neglected forms of substance abuse and severe poisoning, minors should be immediately hospitalized to local inpatient drug treatment facilities.
Prevention of drug addiction. Drug addiction is a painful addiction to narcotic substances, one of the most pernicious diseases caused by the use of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, hashish, chloral hydrate, veronal, luminale, etc. Drugs cause a short-term euphoria, called, like with other intoxicating substances, " high "(sense of contentment, fun, ease, carelessness), and some (hashish, opium) - illusions, and often hallucinations.
In drug prevention, it should be borne in mind that many minors do not know the whole truth about the terrible consequences of drug use. Drugs do not simply violate, but destroy the vital activity of the organism as a whole. The unconditioned-reflex reactions decrease - food, sexual, self-preservation; diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory organs occur, the metabolism is disturbed, various neuropsychiatric disorders appear in the form of low, often maliciously depressing mood, irritability, suspicion, narrowing of interests. Decreases, and often completely lost work capacity. Drug use causes precancerous processes in the lungs, brain atrophy.
Drug addiction leads to the disintegration of the personality, for which falsehood, loss of duty, extreme egoism, heightened suggestibility, lack of will are characteristic. The consequences of addiction can be epilepsy, severe psychosis, premature decrepitude. In this case, death awaits the drug addict at every step: from weakening the body, drug overdose, taking unchecked substances, depressive state, blood poisoning during injections with a dirty syringe. Therefore, drug addiction refers to the formidable, insidious and merciless enemy of humanity. It was not by chance that she was dubbed "white death" (according to the color of the most common drug, heroin). At the same time, scientists still do not know the biological mechanisms that put the body into a tough, merciless dependence on drugs.
If a drug addict loses his usual drug, then first arises (especially in those who take morphine and heroin) withdrawal syndrome, which has received the name “breaking” from drug addicts. This syndrome is accompanied by anxiety, melancholy, severe physical weakness, insomnia, agonizing exhausting pain throughout the body, gastrointestinal disorders, low blood pressure, acute heart failure, fever, sweating, etc. In severe cases, mental disorders occur, may be fatal. In a state of "breaking" a person can commit suicide, go to any crime in order to get a drug or money to acquire it. Often, minors in the "breaking" state open their veins so that the doctor will give an anesthetic injection to avoid shock.
As practice shows, it is very difficult for an addict, it is almost impossible to stop using drugs himself. Even if a person is cured of drug addiction, all the same, from time to time, 3-5 days a year, he will be harassed by “breaking up”, called “false” by doctors. It is on such days that many of the cured people break down and again begin to use drugs. It takes willpower to resist this "false break" and endure all the torment.
The problem of the fight against drug addiction among young people in our country has been hushed up for many years and has not been studied, therefore we do not have a scientifically based system for its prevention today. Empirical experience is mainly accumulated in work with adult convicts in prisons. In modern conditions, increased attention to drug addiction and intensification of the fight against it are associated with a number of reasons. First, the widespread alcoholism of the population allowed to leave drug addiction in the shadows, as a deep underwater and uncontrolled flow, which was also advantageous to the dominant ideology, which denied the existence of this problem in the USSR. Oddly enough, the unsuccessful experience of dealing with alcoholism in 1985-1990. He had a certain positive result: he highlighted the problem of drug addiction in all its severity. Secondly,with the collapse of the USSR and the communist ideals, failures in the system of social values ​​arose, which were filled with drug addiction. Thirdly, with the transition to a market economy, it became necessary to use various sources of primitive accumulation of capital by the arising mafia structures that found the manufacture and sale of drugs the most effective means of accumulating capital, followed by "washing" of it. Fourthly, the first victims of the wild market, of course, were teenagers and young people, among whom there was a sharp increase in drug addiction. Drug addiction is a youth problem, because drug addicts do not live to mature age.With the transition to a market economy, it became necessary to use various sources of primitive accumulation of capital by the arising mafia structures, who found the manufacture and sale of drugs the most effective means of accumulating capital with its subsequent "washing". Fourthly, the first victims of the wild market, of course, were teenagers and young people, among whom there was a sharp increase in drug addiction. Drug addiction is a youth problem, because drug addicts do not live to mature age.With the transition to a market economy, it became necessary to use various sources of primitive accumulation of capital by the arising mafia structures, who found the manufacture and sale of drugs the most effective means of accumulating capital with its subsequent "washing". Fourthly, the first victims of the wild market, of course, were teenagers and young people, among whom there was a sharp increase in drug addiction. Drug addiction is a youth problem, because drug addicts do not live to mature age.because addicts do not live to mature age.because addicts do not live to mature age.
The rapid growth of drug abuse among minors in the former Soviet Union was promoted: firstly, the centuries-old traditions in some regions (mainly in Central Asia) used various substances prepared from drug-containing components in everyday life; secondly, increased contacts with Western countries, the association of former USSR drug dealers with Western drug dealers and the transformation of the CIS into a source of drug production, their market and transit routes from Afghanistan, Central Asia to Europe and North America; thirdly, the social immaturity of young people, their moral and ideological infantilism, the pursuit of a "beautiful" and easy life (with Mercedes, currency, night cabaret, etc.); fourthly, the rapid formation of a rigid physical and mental dependence of a person on a narcotic substance,which, with repeated consumption, is included in the metabolic processes in the body and becomes extremely necessary for its vital activity. There are such drugs, painful dependence on which may occur after isolated cases of consumption. Accelerate the occurrence of acute painful dependence of the individual characteristics of the organism, and above all age. Such a dependence arises much faster in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the main attention in the prevention of drug abuse is given to the prevention of the first use of the drug by minors.Accelerate the occurrence of acute painful dependence of the individual characteristics of the organism, and above all age. Such a dependence arises much faster in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the main attention in the prevention of drug abuse is given to the prevention of the first use of the drug by minors.Accelerate the occurrence of acute painful dependence of the individual characteristics of the organism, and above all age. Such a dependence arises much faster in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the main attention in the prevention of drug abuse is given to the prevention of the first use of the drug by minors.
However, this is very difficult to do, especially in places of social exclusion, where drug addiction has traditionally flourished, where drug traffickers have developed traditions and experience in introducing newcomers to drugs. Most juveniles are attached to drugs out of curiosity, with the intention of trying once and not consuming again. Many people use drugs, imitating others, or, for fear of being passed on among the "treating" welfarers, friends of social isolation by a coward. This is precisely what drug dealers use in places of social exclusion, when universal interdependence does not leave for an individual a choice and an opportunity to make an individual decision.
Unlike alcoholism and drug addiction, drug addiction has always been more closely and directly connected ("spliced") with crime. It is not just a group, but deeply corporate in nature. An addict cannot do without his own kind - it is difficult, almost impossible to get and prepare a potion alone. Drugs in places of social isolation get from afar and go through a series of stages: from manufacturers (growers) of raw materials, through messengers (carriers) and second-hand dealers they get into the “zone” to the leader of the group of drug addicts (“pa-khan”). In this group ("family") there is a clear distribution of roles. "Plow", as a rule, he prepares the drug; "hustling" - (supplier) is engaged in the extraction of raw materials; The “sixes” (ordinary members of the group) carry out various assignments. There are more "rabbits",on which the brew is tested. "Rabbits" are needed because the raw materials for the preparation of drugs are not always supplied regularly, often intercepted by the police, therefore drug addicts are constantly experimenting, including more and more new components in the brew.
Corporatism means the very hidden nature of the group’s activities, the difficulty of penetrating outsiders into it. At the same time among the addicts are well placed alert and communication. They have their own jargon, conditional signals, passwords, various external attributes (amulets, pendants, amulets, etc.) for mutual identification. Therefore, combining them into a group in places of social isolation occurs very quickly.
Drugs are usually attached under the influence of friends and acquaintances. This circumstance is especially insidious, it contains a psychological trap. It is difficult for a teenager to see a trick, because a friend wants to share "joy" with him. But it is necessary to allocate a certain category of persons who profit from the drug trade "in the zone". For this they seek to have their clientele. And they create it, giving the teenager a try at first for free, until he has a painful addiction. And then begins the "squeezing" of money from the client (he "becomes the counter").
What are the specifics of the fight against drug addiction in places of social exclusion?
First, it is about identifying people who use drugs. Although a special equipment has been created and there are methods for identifying drug addicts, they have not yet reached places of social isolation. However, empirical material has been accumulated, including signs on which it is possible to identify minors who use drugs.
First of all, you need to pay attention to the appearance. Adolescents taking drugs, parchment (gray, earthy - depending on experience) complexion, fatigue, empty (absent, dull) look, scarlet lips. Reactions to external influences are slow. Mimicry is disturbed, poses are often numb, arm movements imitate injections. The rapid change of mood is characteristic: now tears, now gaiety without reason and cause. Irritability, gloominess, drowsiness in class and work, at night - insomnia, especially during the "breaking" period.
On the arms, legs - “tracks” - traces of numerous injections, which in the spring and summer time are inflamed. Depending on the injected drugs, the veins become black, yellow or brown in color, and the skin color changes above them. In the language of white-green plaque, salivation is difficult, and with some types of drugs, on the contrary, there is abundant salivation. The voice changes (speech unnaturalness).
Significant changes occur in food intake: first, "wolf appetite", and then, as addiction develops, loss of appetite, shift in meal times (often food is taken at night), significant weight loss in a short time. Labor and daily skills are lost, coordination of movements and balance are broken. Therefore, in order to identify drug addiction, you can use special exercises (and simulators) to balance when conducting industrial gymnastics and physical education classes.
With the deepening of the disease, there are unaccountable fears, a persecution mania, the addict’s desire for solitude, a suspicious attitude towards others.
First, making sure according to these criteria that a minor takes or has taken drugs, it is necessary to deliver him to the drug dispensary (or to the medical unit, calling the narcologist there), who is obliged to examine the teenager and give an appropriate opinion.
Secondly, on the basis of this conclusion, measures must be taken to refer the minor to inpatient treatment in the hospital. It should be remembered that the treatment of drug addicts should be carried out in conditions of the strictest regime, which can be created only with prolonged isolation of the patient. It is impossible to cure a drug addict in the conditions of the “zone”, since drug addicts quickly find their own kind, are grouped into peculiar “clubs” with their own norms, “charters”, called “drug subcultures”,drawing in addicts novices.
Thirdly, it is necessary to strive to form an installation in the identified drug addicts for the voluntary rejection of drug use and treatment. Among minors there are those who seek to give up drug use, but do not know how to do it. First of all, these adolescents should be protected from the influence of the group ("family") that uses drugs. Then they need to be introduced to certain rules developed by the experience of those who are done with drug addiction. The rules are as follows.
First of all, we must strictly adhere to the prescriptions of doctors. Strive to strengthen the installation on his full recovery. To dream of recovery, to desire it passionately and at the same time set specific goals for your future life: for the sake of which these measures of struggle for yourself are undertaken. For example, in order to turn all life in a new way: have a family, children, be strong, beautiful, benefit society, have a good and well-paid job, a new circle of friends. You can intensify your feeling of envy towards those who do not use drugs, who do not have pain and who do not suffer from “breaking”.
You can not try to facilitate their "breaking" with weaker drugs, as this will only prolong the torment; if you managed to hold out for a day, a week, a month, then in the future you should strive all the time to lengthen these periods.
It is useful to use the available "improvised" tools. These are water procedures (cold rubdown, a contrast shower, physical activities). From insomnia and anxiety at night, when every joint hurts and aches, physical exertion helps to deep fatigue at bedtime, cold, rest in fresh air.
Finally, it is important to prove to yourself that every day you live without drugs is more interesting, richer and brighter than the day you lived under the “plan.”
Fourthly, if it is impossible for some reason to immediately send a teenager or a young drug addict to inpatient treatment, then he should be reliably isolated from external contacts in the medical unit of the institution or the disciplinary room; call a narcologist at a local health facility who would conduct a preliminary examination and prescribe treatment before being sent to the hospital. Fulfillment of appointments of a narcologist is strictly controlled: medication is taken only in the presence of a medical professional.
Fifth, the leadership of the special school, special vocational school and the VK immediately notifies the prosecutor’s office and the internal affairs authority in order to jointly identify not only the group that uses drugs in the “zone” but also the channels (“roads”) of admission. drugs from the outside, which necessarily overlap in several places. And here we must keep in mind one subtlety of working with a group of drug addicts. In the lower group of drug addicts there is not only its own “charter”, “code”, but also its own “theory” that encourages the use of drugs - hedonism (the cult of pleasure). And this “theory” is usually hammered into the heads of minors by the “ideologue” of the group, as a rule, who does not use drugs himself: a person is born for pleasure, he is a product of the highest pleasure.In this case, the suggestion is made when adolescents and young men are under the "high". The goal is clear - to keep the group under control, to have a clientele. Therefore, the primary task is to identify in the group an “ideologist” and a leader (if they are different persons), to debunk them and the “theory” they preach to members of the group. And one more important condition: it is necessary to stop the activity not only of "messengers" on the "highway", but also of second-hand dealers and wholesale buyers directly in front of the "zone" and in the "zone" itself, which are enriched on their clientele.in front of the group members. And one more important condition: it is necessary to stop the activity not only of "messengers" on the "highway", but also of second-hand dealers and wholesale buyers directly in front of the "zone" and in the "zone" itself, which are enriched on their clientele.in front of the group members. And one more important condition: it is necessary to stop the activity not only of "messengers" on the "highway", but also of second-hand dealers and wholesale buyers directly in front of the "zone" and in the "zone" itself, which are enriched on their clientele.
Sixthly, usually juvenile drug addicts are well aware of when and how to take drugs in order to get a "high"; they even know the table of incompatibility of narcotic substances (one or several members of the group specialize in this). Therefore, without minimal medical training in the field of narcology, it is very difficult to work with them for educators and other employees of places of social exclusion. The current level of the fight against drug addiction among minors and young people requires comprehensive and deep awareness of educators, sensitive workers, industrial training masters and other employees to innovate this issue.
Seventh, in all cases of detection of facts of drug use by minors, a criminal case must necessarily be initiated. The perpetrators are prosecuted for theft, possession, manufacture or sale of drugs. It is recommended to conduct on-site meetings of the court considering such a case in this institution, or bring the sentence of the court to all minors.
Eighth, to protect minors from curiosity leading to the first use of drugs, you can use the "shock" methods: information from the local psychiatric hospital or drug treatment department about the premature death of drug addicts, drug addicts, alcoholics. If necessary, you can organize an excursion to a psychiatric hospital (narcological department), where you can demonstrate the torture experienced by drug addicts in a state of "breaking up." The "shock" methods include visiting the children's homes, where children with various disabilities, born from alcoholics and drug addicts, are kept. Here is the reaction of minors to one such visit: if you went there with songs, joked, laughed, told different tales and jokes about drunks, drug addicts, drug addicts, then returned from there in deep silence,so stunningly affected everything they saw there. These impressions were enough for them for a long time, and they shared them with the arriving newcomers who are prone to addiction.
And finally, as research has shown, many juveniles have been pushed to addiction to the dense ignorance in the field of legal knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to organize a study with all minors of criminal law aimed at combating the theft of narcotic substances; violation of the established rules for the production, acquisition, storage, recording, supply, transportation or shipment of narcotic substances, as well as against the organization or maintenance of dens for the consumption of narcotic substances or the provision of premises for the same purposes and the illegal manufacture, acquisition, storage, transportation and marketing highly potent toxic substances (see Articles 228 - 234 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The legislation also provides for the use of compulsory medical measures against drug addicts. Desirableso that all these regulatory documents are posted on the appropriate stands in those institutions where cases of drug use occur.

Findings:
1. Drug addiction is one of the most serious and dangerous deviating behaviors in places of social exclusion, where appropriate provoking reasons and conditions are always available. In modern conditions, drug addiction has taken an unprecedented scale, capturing into its orbit more and more new groups of adolescent and youth populations.
2. The fight against it is extremely difficult due to the fact that there are mafia structures that are extremely interested in its distribution for the purpose of primitive accumulation of capital and are associated with foreign drug dealers. They attribute places of social exclusion to one of the main drug markets, especially those where minors and young people are kept. Therefore, a significant part of the preventive work is carried out outside the “zone” and is aimed at a hard overlap of channels (“tracks”), through which drugs enter “into the zone”.
3. However, even in the institutions of social exclusion where minors are kept, it is necessary to conduct a series of preventive measures having their own specifics. First of all, it is a comprehensive knowledge of the effects of drug use on humans, as well as diagnostic signs of such consumption. Unlike alcohol, the effect of which many employees have experienced and clearly represent its consequences, they do not have their own experience of using drugs and can judge this only by the testimony of people who use drugs.
4. Persons who use drugs or are in a narcotic state are immediately isolated from the rest of minors, urgently examined by representatives of the narcological service and placed in a hospital for treatment. The law enforcement agencies are immediately informed about the facts of drug penetration into the “zone” and measures are being taken to identify groups that take drugs and distribute them. In case of detection of the facts of drug use and identification of distributors and distributors of narcotic substances, a criminal case is necessarily initiated.
5. And finally, in the fight against drug addiction, mandatory medical training in the field of drug abuse and in the sphere of law governing measures to combat drug abuse are essential.