7. Name common and own criminal group and its aggressive manifestations

Common noun of a criminal group. Teenagers and young men pay a lot of attention to the nominal names of their criminal communities. This desire of adolescents to designate their community in the scientific literature has not been given due attention, although the name of the criminal group to a certain extent reflects the nature of its criminal activities2. Most often, young criminals refer to their criminal groups operating in freedom, according to the military model, as “teams”, “crews”, “brigades”, “detachments”, in which the influence of persons discharged into the reserve from the Armed Forces is likely to be reflected in the criminal subculture. Forces, as well as hostilities unfolded in a number of regions of the CIS. Sometimes civilian terminology is used - "offices". It also happens that in the same locality different criminal groups use all these terms. Criminal groups in Kazan used a somewhat special terminology, calling their communities “winders”. The term refers to one of the features of these criminal groups - maneuverability, mobility (from the word "dangle"). Indeed, such groups in the evenings “wound” from one end of the city to the other, from one “get-together” to the other, all the time they were in motion, committing “along the way” robberies, robberies, racket
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1 Koretsky D. Antikiller. SPb, ed. "VIS", 1995, p. 29-30.
2 Here, probably, the law of social expectations. A criminal group that chooses a nominal name and a proper name should “justify” them with its criminal activities.
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etc. The name of mobile and maneuverable criminal groups "shuttles" is widespread. Some people believe that this name is derived from the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, others - for their maneuverability: from one city to another and back, which is similar to the movement of the shuttle weaving loom1. In Cheboksary, women's youth groups are called "panicles". Often, purely female groups are called "companies" ("kompashki", "courtyards"). We have never met criminal groups that would declare themselves "gangs."
However, in some regions of the country there are groups that call their communities "gangs". But here there is an interesting pattern: the groups committing the most serious and audacious crimes choose for themselves “neutral” names - “office”, “crew”, “team”, “brigade”, and those that commit less serious crimes sometimes call their grouping "gangs". This, apparently, is done with the aim of intimidating others, although such communities do not meet the criminal-legal characteristics of the gang. Therefore, it is not possible to give an exhaustive criminal-legal and criminological assessment of a group by a common name. Such an assessment can be made on the basis of an analysis of the nature of the crime committed, its severity, degree of organization of the group, equipment, duration of existence, and professionalism.
However, from a socio-psychological point of view, it is noteworthy that, declaring their group a “crew,” “team,” “gang,” etc., minors and young people thereby separate their group from the environment, emphasizing the sense of community, i.e. . "we", opposing this "we" to others.
Otherwise, minors and young people call their asocial and criminal communities, getting into closed educational and correctional institutions, pre-trial detention centers, reception centers. Here, four terms are most often used to designate "their" groups: "circle", "family", "hut", "coupe". Groups that adhere to “the laws of thieves” and “traditions of thieves” most often refer to themselves as “family” and “circle”. The community of minors and young people (and adults too) held in the same cell of the detention center calls itself a “hut”. “Hut” is the camera, and its
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1 "Shuttles" are also called small merchants who go out for goods to other regions and abroad.
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members - "family"; A “coupe” is a person living in the same aisle of beds (similar to a carriage). All members of the "circle", "family", "hut", "coupe" vigilantly monitor the purity of their community, so that "outsiders", "strangers", "unclean" do not fall into it. This is how a former prisoner relates.
"I already knew that each of them entered the cell in their own way, the first thing is to enter, it determines a lot, and therefore they look at the new passenger so carefully, what kind of person he came from, why was he thrown here - an accident; pad - rarely; godfather (operative worker. - V.P.) whether for his own purposes, for someone, whether he was punished in another place, just a newcomer, determined by the regime, or something. It is necessary to understand in the first minutes, not to be mistaken : is it possible to give him a place on the wall, take him into the "family", eat for one oak tree: take unknowingly Whoever he is, Kumov's, "cock" - and the whispers crawled in prison: "They took the family in such and such a hut ..." And the whole cell is under suspicion. Therefore, everyone who enters if he is not a complete sucker knows : the first minutes decide his fate, and maybe not only here, and the thread will stretch to the area, because everything is so tense in the first minutes, collected, especially, who has something to hide ... Do not hide, no matter how cunning, redeemed , too many eyes from all sides, not hide "1.
Name own criminal group. Other principles apply when assigning or giving criminal groups proper names2. Although this problem in domestic criminology and criminal psychology has not been investigated, however, analyzing the history of the fight against crime, it can be found that criminal groups ("gangs", "teams", "crews", "offices", "brigades", etc. .) had proper names that distinguished them from other similar formations. These proper names were “acquired” in the following ways:
- the group chose and appropriated the name itself;
- the group was given a proper name by other groups of minors and young people or adults, depending on the nature and characteristics of its asocial and criminal subculture and activities;
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1 Svetlov F. Common sense: Chapters from the novel "Prison" // Literary Gazette. 1990, October 21st.
2 In a prolonged 30-year study, we collected and analyzed several hundred names of criminal groups, on the basis of which the relevant conclusions and assumptions are made.
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- the name of the group was assigned to law enforcement officials for operational purposes, although the group itself did not carry this name.
Choosing a name for itself, the criminal group seeks to solve a number of tasks:
- to assert itself in the adolescent and youth criminal environment;
- to emphasize (demonstrate) the superiority over other groups in the name of your own group;
- intimidate other criminal groups claiming to the scope and territory of its criminal activities1.
If the name of the criminal group is given to “outsiders” (other criminal groups), then, on the contrary, they seek to “humiliate” this group, debunk it in the juvenile criminal environment, reduce its group status and thereby assert themselves in the criminal environment or in a certain territory.
Representatives of legal bodies (first of all, the criminal investigation department, investigations) endow a criminal group with a proper name primarily for its operational purposes: to distinguish this group from other criminal groups.
The process of forming the names of their own asocial and criminal groups has its own laws and is to some extent similar to the formation of individual nicknames. As a nickname replaces the minor’s last name, determines his status (stigmatizes him), emphasizes his features, so the names of his own criminal groups perform the same functions: selecting the group, determining its place in the intergroup hierarchy and stigmatization (see Diagram 10.1).
The first thing that catches your eye is that in the formation of the names of your own criminal groups, the nickname of its leader (if he is authoritative enough in the criminal environment) is used, which applies to the whole group (for example, the “Gray” gang, the “Khamraya” team, the “Krutoy” team ” , office "White", etc.). Thus, the authority of the leader, and by the way of each member in the criminal environment, depends on the authority of the leader.
Very widely for the formation of the name of their own criminal groups use toponymy (name of the area in which its members live or act). Thus, according to this principle, they received names in Moscow and
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1 The above cited the name of the criminal group of youngsters elected by the members of the group themselves. Tolstoy M. Gadenysh "Cupcake" // World of News. 1996, No. 11 (117).
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Scheme 10.1
Ways to form the names of own criminal groups of minors


Muscovy criminal groups "Solntsevskaya", "Ivanteevskaya", "Lyuberetskaya", etc., whose names are derived from the names of settlements. In all the examples given, the proper names of localities are transferred without change to the proper names of criminal groups.
But proper names of localities and localities transferred to criminal groups of minors and young people can transform, shrink, take an ironic tone, i.e. there is the same linguistic rule as when inventing individual nicknames, formed from personal names and surnames through their transformation. Compare: the offender by the name of Sychev got the nickname "Sych", by the name of Khvostov - "Tail", and from the city of Lyubertsy a proper name of the criminal group - "Lyuber" is formed.
However, it should be borne in mind that the names "Solntsevskie", "Ivanteevskie", "Lyubertsy" may not refer to specific groups of offenders, but a combination of all criminal groups of minors in a given locality, each of which may also have a "more proper" name. In this case, it turns out that the criminal group acquires not only their own "name", but also a "middle name". This may sound like this: "The Solomny team of Khamray", "The Krutoy Brigade from Ivanteevka", "Pskov Ugly", etc.
In large cities and metropolitan areas, the names of own criminal groups can be based on the name of a microdistrict, for example, Vykhinsky, Biryulyovskie, Biryuly, formed respectively from the microdistricts of their residence (metro Vykhino and neighborhoods Biryulyovo). The laws of transformation and abbreviation of the names of neighborhoods also apply here.
Often the names of their own criminal groups, formed from the name of the place of their residence, acquire an ironic tinge. Thus, in Almaty, criminal groups of minors and young people who lived and operated near the cemetery were called the office of the “Graves”, and they lived in the microdistrict formed by Yablonovaya, Apricot, Fruity streets (I cite from memory, if I’m not mistaken ), - "Compotes"; the groups that lived and acted in the drama theater area got the name "Dram"; in Pskov, the groups living in the areas of dairy stores were called: at the corner of the street - "Angle Milk", and in the center - "Central Milk".
As a name for a criminal group of its own, a domestic (colloquial) "name" of a house or the silhouette of a complex of buildings where its members live, their architectural features can be used. Thus, in Ufa and a number of other cities, criminal and asocial groups with identical names met - "Pentagon", which was formed from the household name of a complex of multi-storey buildings closed in a pentagon where they lived (according to the external architectural similarity of these buildings to the US Department of Defense, which received worldwide fame under the name "Pentagon").
For the formation of a proper name, criminal groups use not only the silhouette features of their buildings, but also their color attribute. For example, the criminal corpse (female adult, called the “Blue Courtyards”, because the private houses and fences where they lived were painted blue.
One of the criminal groups of adolescents was called "Proletarians", and the second - "Victory". Their names were formed from the slogans: "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" and "Forward to the victory of communism!", fortified at the ends of several buildings. It was on the building where one criminal group lived that the word "Proletarians" was attached, and the second criminal group lived in the building on which the word "To victory" was attached.
In functional (interregional) criminal communities (the so-called groups of "criminal interests"), in contrast to the territorial ones, the names of group "interest" and belonging to a certain community are used as the name of their own group. For example, there were criminal and asocial groups of football fans, who use the name of their team (as a middle name) as the name of their community, adding their own name to it. Note that not all groups of football fans get a criminal focus, if you carry out relevant work with them. So, among Spartak and Dynamo fans, as well as among Torpedo fans, there can be groups of both positive and criminal orientation.
To form a proper name, criminal and asocial groups use the names of some species of animals. From the history of the fight against crime in the country, the most famous are the Black Cats, which operated after the war in a number of cities of the country, and in modern conditions, Night Wolves, Panthers, Leopards, Cobras, etc.
Interestingly, in other countries, adolescents also use animal names to name their criminal groups. So, in New York there were gangs that called themselves "Cheetahs", "Panthers", "Coyotes", etc. At the same time, criminal groups from among fans and "fascists", as well as animals bearing the names have their attributes in the form of amulets (the image of animals, the trademarks of football teams, clothes, the image of the swastika, etc.).
The use of national peculiarities for the formation of the names of their own criminal groups, for example, the Golden Yurt, Salam, Baghdad (Alma-Ata groups), has become widespread.
For the formation of proper names of criminal groups, both minors and adults, the title name of nationality is very widely used. Many have heard from the press and television and radio messages such names as: “Azerbaijan, Chechen Mafia” (or “Azeri” in the jargon, “Chechnya”), “Dagestan, Georgian, etc. grouping”.
Borrowings from foreign languages ​​are widely used, as in the formation of individual nicknames (for example, from girls - Golden Girls - Golden Girls, from children - Pentagon).
A criminal group's own name seeks to confirm and justify its behavior and the nature of criminal activity: insolence (Night wolves), cunning and ingenuity (Barca), cruelty (Coffins), etc.
Each such group has its own characteristics. One is characterized by force, the other by aphusiveness and cruelty, the third by resourcefulness, the fourth by connections with the adult criminal group that is authoritative in the criminal environment, and so on. “Only one mention of fuppirovka, such as“ Trust ”,“ Hydra ”, which gained a certain reputation by force (highlighted by us. - V.P.), gives teenagers the right to impose their will on others” 1. Knowing the characteristics of a particular criminal group, law-abiding teens try not to get involved with them. And other criminal groups take preventive measures to avoid harassment ("raids") by such a group.
Thus, the nominal and proper names of criminal groups have a certain criminological and socio-psychological meaning, which must always be remembered.
Unfortunately, the measures that could be opposed to this phenomenon were not developed in the system of prevention of crime.

Seminar

Topic: Group criminal aggression of minors
Issues for discussion:
1. Types of juvenile criminal aggression of juveniles, social and psychological mechanisms of its origin, manifestation.
2. Group adolescent sexual apsia: features, types of violent rapists, motivation of violent sexual activities.
3. Group adolescent vandalism: types and characteristics.
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1 Semenov I. In a crooked mirror // Union. 1991, No. 7.
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4. Socio-psychological structure of the criminal group as a result of mutual aggression.
5.Name nominal and own criminal adolescent group and its connection with group aggressive behavior. "Disassembly" as a manifestation of mutual aggression in the underworld.