6.1. The emergence of the Internet

In 1962, D. Liclayder, the first head of a research computer project of an experimental network, whose goal was to transfer packages to the Department of Advanced Research and Development of the US Department of Defense (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA), published a series of notes discussing the concept of “galactic networks ”(Galactic Network). It was based on the assertion that in the near future a global network of interconnected computers will be developed, allowing each user to quickly access data and programs located on any computer. This idea was the beginning of the development of the Internet.

In 1966, in DARPA, L. Roberte began work on the concept of a computer network, and soon an ARPANET plan appeared. At the same time, the basic data transfer protocols in the network, TCP / IP, were created. Many public and private organizations wanted to use the ARPANET network for daily data transfer. Because of this, in 1975, ARPANET evolved from an experimental network into a working network.

In 1983, the first standard for TCP / IP protocols was developed and officially introduced, which entered Military Standards (MIL STD). In order to facilitate the transition to new standards, DARPA put forward an offer to Berkley Software Design executives to introduce TCP / IP into Berkeley (BSD) UNIX. After some time, the TCP / IP protocol was reworked into a standard (public) standard, and the term Internet began to be used. In parallel, there was a selection of MILNET from ARPANET, after which MILNET began to belong to the Defense Data Network (DDN) of the US Department of Defense. After that, the term “Internet” was used to denote a single network: MILNET plus ARPANET.

In 1991, the ARPANET network ceased to exist. But the Internet exists at the moment and develops. At the same time its dimensions are much higher than the original.

The history of the development of the Internet can be divided into five stages:

1) 1945–1960 - the emergence of theoretical work on the interactive interaction of man with the machine, as well as the first interactive devices and computers;

2) 1961–1970 - the beginning of the development of the technical principles of packet switching, the introduction of the ARPANET;

3) 1971–1980 - the expansion of the number of ARPANET nodes to several dozen, the holding of special cable lines that connect some nodes, the launch of e-mail;

4) 1981–1990 - implementation of the adoption of the TCP / IP protocol, division into ARPANET and MILNET, input of the system of "domain" names - Domain Name System (DNS);

5) 1991–2007 - the newest stage of development of the history of the global Internet.