8 Specialized professionally oriented software 8.1. Information systems of organizational and economic management

A system is an organized set that forms an integral unity, which is aimed at achieving a specific goal.

The goal of the organizational and economic management system is to optimize organizational management, i.e., to ensure the maximum economic efficiency of its activities within a specific field of activity (achieving the maximum difference between revenues and costs). These systems differ from the systems of organizational management in other areas (in particular, health care, public education), where other goals are pursued: ensuring a high life expectancy and health of the population, a quality level of education, etc.

The task of organizational management is the disaggregation of management functions within the organization.

Management functions in the systems of organizational and economic management are classified as follows:

1) on the stages of management - forecasting, analysis of production and economic activity, medium-term planning, short-term planning, operational management, auditing, accounting, etc .;

2) types of industrial and economic activity - the main production, material and technical supply, auxiliary production, transport, capital construction, financing, accounting, social development, etc .;

3) levels of management - ministry, association (firm), enterprise (organization), workshop (department), which includes individual workplaces of the contractor, etc.

The formation of management functions is based on the three main features of the functional specification. In the production sphere, the separation of management functions most often corresponds to the elements of the production process.

The elements of management functions include:

1) management of material resources;

2) human resource management;

3) management of financial resources, etc.

In order to formulate the tasks, use the characteristics of the corresponding control functions, among which are three more signs characterizing the given task directly:

1) belonging to a specific control object;

2) technological method of solving the problem;

3) the result of management activities.

The functions of logistics can be implemented in solving the following tasks: 1) planning the needs of material resources; 2) the conclusion of contracts with suppliers; 3) operational control over the execution of supply contracts; 4) accounting of deliveries and settlement with suppliers, etc.

Management is a targeted impact of controls on a controlled object and is a function of the system, which is focused either on preserving its basic quality in a changing environment, or on the performance of some target program that ensures the sustainability of its operation while achieving some set goal. There is another definition, according to which management is a function of organized systems, which ensures the preservation of their structure, the maintenance of the activity regime, the implementation of its program, goal.

Information is a measure to eliminate uncertainty about the outcome of an event of interest.

Data are tangible objects of arbitrary shape, acting as a means of providing information. Information is otherwise called knowledge of a particular subject, process or phenomenon.

Effective management of economic systems is impossible without the availability and analysis of information, processing of available data. This function takes on a special software that helps effectively implement the control function.