Lecture
1. Intrapersonal conflict – internal struggle accompanied by emotional disturbances. - Role conflict – the presentation of mutually contradictory demands; variants: choosing among alternative solutions; choosing among clearly unappealing alternatives; a choice that inevitably leads to negative consequences as well. - Cognitive conflict – dissonance between feelings and a rational attitude. - Existential conflict – introspection of intrapersonal problems; problems of meaning. 2. Neurotic conflict – an intrapsychic neurotic conflict of a chronic nature, types: - hysterical conflict (inflated personal claims combined with an inadequate assessment of conditions, heightened demands toward others and lowered demands toward oneself, «I want it – but have no real right to it», high intensity of desire, excessive demands on others); - obsessive-psychasthenic conflict (desire versus duty, moral principles versus desires, an internal struggle of desires in which none predominates, an unfinished process of choice, internal resistance against oneself: insecurity, indecisiveness, high anxiety); - neurasthenic conflict (excessively high demands a person places on themselves, «I demand more of myself than I can deliver», «I am worse than I ought to be», a constant state of frustration, being in a state of stress). 3. Interpersonal conflict – characteristics of people in a state of neurotic disorder, excessive sensitivity, hysterical personality, epileptoid personality, psychasthenic personality. MMPI profile: predominance of the hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria scales; a peak on depression, hypomania at an average level, social introversion at an average/high level, hysteria elevated, hypochondriasis at a borderline level, closer to high, psychopathy higher than schizophrenia, paranoia low, psychasthenia elevated in adolescents; upon exiting the state of neurosis it changes significantly; an elevation of the hypochondriasis scale indicates a chronic neurosis, and in chronic neurosis the profile decreases overall. Locus of control: increased externality, anxiety, rigidity; a breakdown of normal somatic state occurs easily, while returning to it takes a long time; egocentrism; a consumerist orientation; a feeling of loneliness, inner emptiness; insatiability of needs; a capacity for mimicry; refusal of exploratory activity; transformation of feelings into the opposite field; a change in prognosis, a negative assessment of the future; regression; a change in behavior in accordance with the source of the problem.
+Coping strategies: 1. Adaptive – behavior directed at analyzing difficulties, followed by finding ways out of the difficulties; high self-esteem and self-control, the presence of belief (that a way out exists) in one's own resources. The person is willing to cooperate. 2. Maladaptive – a passive form of behavior, disbelief in one's own strength and resources, a deliberate underestimation of the situation that has arisen; the emotional state is characterized by: depression, immaturity, shifting blame, self-isolation, refusal to solve the problem. 3. Relatively adaptive – their constructiveness depends on the significance and intensity of the situation (in some situations this behavior will help, while in others it will not help and will lead to inaction). Strategies: 1. Confrontation/confrontive coping (a person's active, aggressive efforts to change the situation and negativity toward the cause). 2. Distancing (an attempt to distance oneself from the problem). 3. Self-control (an attempt to regulate one's own feelings and actions). 4. Seeking social support (of any kind: material, emotional); 5. Accepting responsibility (acknowledging one's role in causing and overcoming the problem). 6. Escape/avoidance (efforts to get rid of the problem situation). 7. Planful problem-solving (an attempt to work out a plan of action). 8. Positive reappraisal (an attempt to find a «+» meaning in what is happening). A positive resolution of the problem → the 3 most frequent and main strategies. A state of frustration occurs least often in people with a high IQ, who are able to identify the main thing and correctly assess the situation.
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