Lecture
1) Principle of voluntariness (the patient must willingly agree to therapy).
2) Principle of awareness – the person must understand what is happening to them and why; all of this must be discussed with them; awareness of what is occurring with them.
3) Principle of awareness of one's own condition (one's complexes, problems).
4) Principle of adequacy (the treatment chosen must correspond to the principle of the disorder and be applicable to the specific person).
5) Principle of expediency (determination of a complex of therapeutic drugs).
6) Principle of permissibility (use of those drugs that promote personal growth and that will not lead to the emergence of mental illnesses).
Therapy for neurotic disorders:
1) Medication
2) Psychotherapy
3) Sanatorium treatment.
4) Physiotherapeutic procedures.
Medication treatment:
1) Antipsychotics – aimed at eliminating psychoses. They arrest hallucinations, reduce psychomotor arousal (activity), and arrest delusional disorders. Nowadays there are powerful antipsychotics – occupying an intermediate place
between tranquilizers and antipsychotics (azaleptin) – they relieve affective arousal. Antipsychotics are not a cure for neurosis; they are used as symptomatic treatment within a comprehensive one.
2) Antidepressants – agents used to relieve depression. Antidepressants do not affect mood. Amitriptyline – people often use it as a sleep aid. Coaxil – a pure antidepressant, relieves anxiety disorders, suppresses appetite (for those who eat a lot and everything indiscriminately). In its pure form it is aimed at treating acute, psychotic phenomena. By themselves they do not improve mood. Antidepressants are recommended for endogenous, and sometimes reactive (associated with psychological trauma), depression.
3) Tranquilizers. Anxiolytics – anti-anxiety drugs (phenazepam). Strong ones: Deleum, diazepam => a pronounced effect on the subcortex (diencephalic structures), i.e. a reduction of autonomic activity, i.e. it ensures the stability of the neurotic state. Daytime ones: i.e. a sedative effect in a minimal amount => do not cause drowsiness. Tranquilizers have a stimulating effect (herondaxin). They have a calming effect on the psyche (reduce the amplitude of emotional reactions, reduce anxiety). Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and tranquilizers are drugs that can cause harm.
4) Nootropics – a group of agents that improve metabolic processes in the cells of the brain. This achieves an overall improvement in brain function. Drugs that cannot cause harm, only improve brain function. Available without a prescription (phenibut – for children and for improving sleep; piracetam).
5) Adaptogens – a class of drugs, most of which are of plant origin (ginseng, chamomile, motherwort). They act at the level of the whole organism. They improve the adaptation and stress resistance of the body and psyche.
6) Vitamins – by themselves they do not treat anything, but they supply the body with reserves. Directions of therapy for neurosis: relief of painful neurotic symptoms; help in becoming aware of the situation and of the illness itself; correction of the scale of experiences (attitudes, emotional states); correction of the individual's system of relationships, changing personality defects/problems, the task of achieving personal growth; rehabilitation – restoration of social status at the moment of recovery.
Neurosis
Psychosis
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