19. Structural change in the Italian tele-system (from the state monopoly to the mixed system

70 years a landmark period in the development of Italian journalism. In the late 60, early 70 crisis of state. The monopoly of RAI was obvious. In the early 1970s, a struggle for freedom began on the wave of the democratic movement in journalism. The main disadvantage of state. monopolies became its use not in the public interest, but in the political party. In 1974, the Italian courts allowed the existence of commercial television stations, triggering a wave of their spontaneous construction. Commercial stations have a local (regional), rather than a national character. The mouthpiece of the nation remains the RAI. The main tasks of the RAI are formed by a standing parliamentary commission of senators and deputies. The president of RAI is elected by the board of directors. In April 1975 a law was passed on the political independence of the RAI. In 1976, the broadcasting was divided into two categories: the 1st television channel and the 2nd radio network supervised by Christian Democrats, the 2nd television channel and the 1st radio network - by the socialists.

In September 1974, TeleMilano cable station appears. With which begins television activities Berlusconi. His channel, Minalo-2, provided residents with news bulletins and movies. But cable television is not widely developed. In April 1975, a law was adopted on the reform of the RAI, confirming the state. a monopoly on national broadcasting and the prescriptive principle of pluralism in the media. Information programs were allocated to autonomous structures responsible to the general director. This law legalized the principles of party leadership by these structures and distributed the leadership of posts not according to professional qualities, but according to party affiliation. For the RAI decided to enter the third channel with its information program. The audience is increasing. The special evening edition of the TV channel 1 channel, but the struggle for the liberalization of TV continues. In June 1976, the Constitutional Court declared part of the articles on the reform of the RAI illegal, which granted individuals the right to own TV and radio. This path to the development of commercial broadcasting. To a mixed broadcasting system. At first it led to chaos and confusion, radio and television stations multiplied rapidly. The situation in the field of private broadcasting was initially unstable. The first period of the existence of commercial TV is associated with the vigorous activity of major publications. In 1978, Berlusconi stepped up its activities. In 1979, he already had 5 television studios and 5 television stations that broadcast in southern Italy. He tried to create a TV network. In which numerous local television stations would be involved, dependent on it. Berlusconi also focuses on image: luring popular leaders from RAI. His successes in the TV business draw the attention of American television companies to him. He sought to reach the level of national broadcasting, and this is a threat to state-owned TV. Required reforming the RAI in full. In 1977, the RAI begins broadcasting in color. By the end of the 70s, commercial television was emerging with a tendency to become national.