32. National daily newspapers of France

The golden age of the French press ended with the advent of World War I. In 1914, France ranked first in Europe in the number of newspapers per 1000 inhabitants - 244 copies. in England - per 1000 lives - 160, in the USA - 255. France will never reach this result again. In 85 year per 1000 inhabitants - 185 copies, in 91 - 155. market degradation of the French. The weekly newspapers are especially evident against the background of the constant growth of newspapers in Germany and Scandinavian countries. In the early 90s, advertising revenues were reduced, the readership was reduced, the national gas became more Parisian. And the spread to outside Paris was insignificant. Cotidien de Paris and Frans suar nah threatened with bankruptcy and disappearance.

Of the 15 daily newspapers - 6 are specialized. In their osn circulation of distribution in the Paris region, but they had nat value and distribution throughout the territory of France. After the crisis, Parisien Lubira in 70 and post over the circulation of Frans Soir in Paris there are no large mass newspapers with a large circulation. All Paris newspapers, except Eco, and Ekip were unprofitable. In Paris, 9 newspapers of general political information - Mond, Figaro, Libération, Parisien, Humanite, Cotidien de Paris, Presen, Info - Matin, Frans Soire.

6 specialized newspapers - Croix, Eco, Trebun defosse, Equip, Piri Turf, Cotidien de Medsen.

33 Mond Phenomenon

• Monde The financial results of the Monde newspaper in 1980 showed a slight deficit: an increase in salary, social security, paper, and postage rates affected. In the late 70s. The French press has begun the process of modernizing the production of newspapers. The transition to photosetting continued in the early 80s. Among the latter was Monde, which allowed her to carry out staff retraining. Mond managed to make ends meet for a long time, but in the early 80s the first deficit was marked - 17.8 million francs, and in 1984 it reached 70 million francs. For three years, the circulation has decreased by 45 thousand copies. She had to find the means to maintain her claim to an independent publication. For Le Monde, it was about not only balancing the accounts, but also proving that the original structure inherited from its creator Bev-Meri could justify itself at other times. In October 1984, the director of the newspaper Andre Laurent presented a plan out of the crisis: restoring financial equilibrium by reducing wage costs; restoration of own funds by selling the editorship building; the restructuring of the process of printing a newspaper in the province using facsimiles sent from Paris. The society of journalists by a significant majority rejected the plan of Andre Laurent, he announced his resignation. The capital of the newspaper was increased by issuing shares. In addition, 15 million francs brought readers, united in a society of readers "Le Monde". By the end of 1986, the distribution of the newspaper had grown by 10%, the number of subscribers from 70 thousand to 80 thousand, and advertising revenues grew by 25%. The successor to A. Loran A. Fontaine pursued a plan of austerity. 220 people were fired, they had to sell the editors' building. Significant changes were made to the design of the newspaper and its content. In order to expand the readership, photographs, caricature, and humorous materials were widely used in the newspaper. The scope of publications has been expanded. Le Monde director A. Fontaine stated that in the face of fierce competition, non-renewable enterprises are doomed to failure. The newspaper intends to continue the offensive, to improve its content, design. It was decided to build a new modern printing complex. In 1987, the spread of "Le Monde" reached 500 thousand copies, advertising revenues increased. After several years of constant deficit in 1992, Le Monde achieved financial equilibrium. 1994-1995 Were a period out of the crisis of advertising investment. France’s traditional lagging behind many countries in advertising revenues in the media has been aggravated in recent years in connection with Even’s law banning the advertising of tobacco and hard alcohol in the media. In 1995, the French press had to face new difficulties caused by rising paper prices, by the end of the year they had grown by 50%. France is 90% dependent on foreign paper makers. At the end of 1994, a general meeting of journalists and employees of the newspaper approved the principle of increasing capital at the expense of external investors and changing the status of the company, abandoning the form of a limited liability company in favor of a joint stock company with a supervisory board and a board of directors. J.-M. Kolombani was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director of Le Monde. So ended the 50-year period of the newspaper. With the help of the new formula, Monde succeeds. Three principles were put forward as the cornerstone: 1) to improve the hierarchization of information, i.e. work out priorities in the selection of information; 2) group in one section of the article related to similar facts and problems; 3) to give the reader a daily newspaper with diverse, clearly presented and more richly illustrated information. Thus, after half a century of its existence, Mond takes a new start, promising to preserve the timeless nature of the values ​​that the newspaper embodies: pluralism of opinions and diversity of shareholders. Since 1997, the “Culture” department has significantly expanded: it began to appear on several bands. There was a new column "Kiosk" with concise information from the world press, television chronicles, messages about new sites on the Internet. Le Monde remains the most widely read newspaper among high-income strata of the population. With her get acquainted with 15% of the French with an annual family income of 320 thousand francs. It is ranked 1st in the largest readership among general information newspapers. Its distribution in the late 90s. Advertising revenues grew and increased. According to the director of Le Monde, J.-M. Colombani, 1998 will go down in the history of the newspaper as one of the most successful in terms of financial indicators, as well as in distribution of the newspaper. The president-general director of Le Monde, J.-M. Colombani, identified three directions for the development of the group around the newspaper: 1) participation in the modern technological revolution — the use of the Internet; 2) investment in publications devoted to culture (an increase in the number of pages in a daily newspaper, applications), 3) activity in the field of the regional press. Until the beginning of the third millennium (up to the terrorist act of September 11, 2001 in New York), the financial situation of Le Monde was stable.