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Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

Lecture



Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)The mode in which the primary winding is turned on at the rated voltage U1NOM, and the secondary winding is open.



Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

w1, w2 - the number of turns in 1 and 2 windings, respectively.

The mode of operation of the transformer in x.h. the same as in the induction coil.
The current in the primary winding I1xx creates (MDS - magnetomotive force Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ) , which causes a magnetic flux F (t).

It permeates the primary and secondary windings of the transformer.
F leads in the winding EMF e1 and e2 - real values

E1 = 4.44fw1Fm,

E2 = 4.44fw2Fm.

transformation ratio

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

In x.x. E1 ~ U1nom, E2 ~ U2x, then

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

if n> 1 then the step-down transformer
if n <1 then the step-up transformer

The active power consumption of the transformer in x.h.

Ртр хх = Рм + Рэ1 - the general formula

spent on losses in the magnetic circuit and electrical losses in the primary winding of the transformer, i.e.

Рэ1 = 0 because Iхх → 0 => Ртр хх = Рм

Determined by the power factor of the magnetic loss and the impedance of the transformer:

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

The principle of operation in idle mode. The idling mode is called the mode of operation of the transformer when the secondary winding is open (Fig. 2.5). When powering the primary winding from a sinusoidal voltage source U 1 , the primary current i 1 x (MDS Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ) causes in the magnetic core a sinusoidal magnetic flux Φ , which, penetrating the windings with the numbers of turns Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) and Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) , induces in them according to the law of electromagnetic induction EMF e 1 and e 2 .
Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)
The effective values ​​of these EMFs, i.e., the EMFs in the windings are proportional to the number of turns.

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) Transformation ratio The transformation ratio is the ratio of the rated highest voltage of the transformer to the rated lower voltage:

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) (2.2) moreover, the nominal voltage refers to the nominal voltage at idle. Since in this mode Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) (the voltage drop in the winding is small, since the no-load current I 1 x is much less than the nominal one), a E 2 = U 2 , then for a step-down transformer ( U 1 > U 2 )

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) , and for raising ( Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ) Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) i.e. always Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) and Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) (2.3)

Using formulas (2.1), (2.2), (2.3), it is possible to calculate the main parameters of a transformer: transformation ratio, effective electromotive force, coils and magnetic flux.

Emf scattering and voltage dissipation. Some part of the flow, called scattering flow Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) , does not close along the magnetic conductor, although it covers the primary winding - this part of the flow induces in the primary winding emf dissipation Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) which can be represented by a voltage drop Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) on inductive dissipation resistance Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) where Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) , α Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) - the flux linkage of the scattering of the primary winding. Really, Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) or in complex form Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) .

The equation of the electric state of the primary winding . We will consider the primary winding of the transformer as a receiver of electrical energy. With this interpretation of the winding function, we choose the positive direction of the EMF against the positive direction of the current i 1X shown in fig. 2.5. Changing the direction of the EMF in the circuit is equivalent to changing the phase of the EMF by 180 ° or changing the sign in the law of electromagnetic induction, which in this case takes the form: Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) or for self-induced emf Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) and emf Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) phase ahead of the magnetic flux by 90 °.

The equation written for the primary circuit according to the second Kirchhoff's law (Fig. 2.5):

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.)

or

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ,

Where Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) - voltage drop across the active resistance of the primary winding; Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) - voltage drop across dissipation resistance Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) primary winding. The same equation in complex form:

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) . (2.4)

Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) Transformer vector diagram.

The vector diagram of the idling transformer (Fig. 2.6) is constructed on the basis of equation (1.4). With a zero initial phase, the magnetic flux is selected, i.e. Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) . Current Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) phase-wise magnetic flux at a loss angle Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) .

Relative to vector Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ahead of the angle of 90 ° built EMF vectors Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) and Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) , since in a complex form, the emf and flux at the chosen direction of the emf are related by Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) .

Vector Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) on the basis of equation (2.4) is equal to the sum of vectors Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) (the latter is in phase with the vector Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) ) and Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) (ahead of current vector Idle mode of the transformer (x.x.) at an angle of 90 °).


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Electrical Engineering, Circuit design

Terms: Electrical Engineering, Circuit design