Lecture
| Under the influence of external forces, real tepas can change their shape and size, i.e. deform. |
| The determination of the magnitude of these changes is called the calculation of stiffness. |
| All possible changes in shape can be assessed using only two types of deformations — linear and angular. |
| When loaded with tensile forces, the rod is extended (Fig. 1.16). |
Change  l of the original length l of the rod is called absolute elongation. |
The ratio of the absolute elongation to the original length is called the relative elongation.  = l / l. |
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| Fig. 1.16 |
| The deformation of the element skew is characterized by a relative shift |
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| Where S - absolute shift, offset value, |
| a is the distance between the displaced planes. (Because of the smallness of the angle, its tangent is assumed to be equal to the skew angle itself) (fig. 1.17). |
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| Fig. 1.17 |
| Deformations are elastic, i.e. disappearing after elimination of the load and plastic or residual - not disappearing (Fig. 1.18). |
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| Fig. 1.18 |
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Content and basic concepts
Terms: Content and basic concepts