Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

Lecture

The answers are at the bottom of the article, or better yet, work them out yourself without peeking at the answers

70. Logic must be studied in order to:

1) win any argument
2)* reason with proof and avoid committing logical errors
3) avoid unpleasant discussions and not enter into disputes with higher authorities

answer 2

71. Logical culture – is:

1) an innate habit of thinking correctly
2) the ability to express thoughts in a clear and distinct form and, on this basis, to acquire new thoughts
3) the ability to speak beautifully
4)* an element of a person's general culture, manifested in knowledge of the laws, methods and forms of formal and dialectical logic, and in a person's ability, relying on these laws, forms and methods, to reason logically and correctly, to define concepts, to operate with concepts, to draw inferences and evidential conclusions, to operate with hypotheses, to uncover contradictions, and also to systematize and classify existing knowledge into a definite system

answer 4

72. A logical constant – is:

1) a form of reasoning
2) * an expression that retains its meaning in any reasoning
3) a punctuation mark in reasoning

answer 2

73. A logical error – is:

1) incorrect, deliberately distorted knowledge
2)* a mental fallacy caused by violations of the laws of logic
3) falsification, a lie
4) insufficiently proven knowledge

answer 2

74. The logical scheme of reasoning – is:

1)* the aspect of reasoning that does not depend on specific content, but serves to connect, order and transform its elements
2) the outward outline, the external appearance of reasoning
3) a way in which content exists

answer 1

75. The laws of logic:

1) * are – requirements, norms to which our thinking must be subordinate
2) aim to depict how thinking occurs
3) give us true knowledge under any circumstances

answer 1

76. Logical paradoxes:

1) are a regrettable misunderstanding
2) testify to the fundamental impossibility of comprehending the world
3)* contribute to the further development of effective ways of comprehending and explaining reality
4) are published on the website intellect.icu

answer 3

77. A logical argument used when the issue at hand is not the thesis, but the personal characteristics of the person stating it:

1) argument to authority
2) * argument to the person
3) argument to the public
4) argument to force
5) argument to vanity

answer 2

78. The law of logic violated in the following dialogue:«Teacher: I hope, Tom, that I won't see you copying from someone else's notebook.Tom: I hope so too» -

1)* the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

answer 1

79. The law of logic violated in the passage below:

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4)* the law of sufficient reason

«One of the scholars complained to a well-known doctor that he had arthritis.
- Did your mother have arthritis? – the doctor asked.
- No.
- And your father?
- He didn't have it either.
- You don't have arthritis, - the doctor declared, and having bid the patient farewell, left without further explanation» -

answer 4

80. The law of logic violated in the passage below:

1)* the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

«One day a padishah asked Birbal:
- Tell me, Birbal, how much will remain if you take four away from twelve?
- Nothing will remain, - answered Birbal.
- What do you mean, nothing? – the padishah was surprised.

- Just so, - answered Birbal, - if you subtract the four seasons from the twelve months, what will remain? Nothing!» -

answer 1

81. The law of logic violated in the passage below: «The defense counsel became acquainted with the case materials, and a petition was submitted from him: to release him from custody» -

1) * the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

answer 1

82. L. Feuerbach said that:

1) logic is the medicine of the mind
2)* logic is the god of thinking beings
3) logic is the ability to think correctly
4) logic is the culture of reflection
5) logic is when it's logical

answer 2

83. Any concept has:

1) a size
2) a magnitude
3) * an extension
4) a shape

answer 3

84. Any simple syllogism has:

1) a form
2)* a figure
3) a size
4) an extension

answer 2

85. The method for investigating causal relations applied in the following case: «While studying conditioned reflexes, academician I.P.Pavlov established that if the occipital lobe of a dog's brain is removed, the visual reflex disappears. New experiments gave the same results – the dogs practically went blind. The scientist concluded that the occipital lobe of the brain is the center for the formation of the visual reflex» -

1) the method of agreement
2)* the method of difference
3) the joint method of agreement and difference
4) the method of residues
5) the method of concomitant variations

answer 2

86. The mnemonic diagram that helps understand the relations between propositions:

1)* the logical square
2) the logical circle
3) the logical rhombus
4) the logical triangle

answer 1

87. The thinker who believed that logic is the science of the methods of "proof and refutation":

1) Socrates
2) Plato
3) I.Kant.
4)* Aristotle
5) Epicurus

answer 4

88. The most significant function of logic for a person:

1) * logic helps one to think correctly
2) logic cultivates a culture of the mind
3) logic allows one not to commit errors in thinking
4) logic allows one to distinguish the correct from the false
5) logic helps you earn money

answer 1

89. Unintentional logical errors are most often called:

1) paradoxes
2) maxims
3) * paralogisms
4) sophisms
5) categories

answer 3

90. One of the conditions for a correct discussion is the presentation of sufficient facts and arguments. This condition is called:

1) reflection
2) proof
3)* argumentation
4) intuition

answer 3

91. Relying on the law of excluded middle, determine whether the truth of a third proposition is possible:Some first-year students passed the logic exam.Not a single first-year student passed the logic exam early.

1) * no
2) yes
3) partially

answer 1

92. Relying on the law of contradiction, determine whether both propositions can be true at the same time:All students of group 1 prepared for the logic exam.Some students of group 1 did not prepare for the logic exam.

1) yes
2) * no
3) partially

answer 2

93. The definition «Philosophers are people who engage in philosophy» is:

1) ambiguous
2) * circular
3) narrow
4) broad
5) philosophical

answer 2

94. Determine the type of inductive inference:«10 students prepared to present papers at the institute-wide student scientific conference. Two of them spoke at the plenary session, and the rest – at the social sciences section. Thus, all the students who prepared papers presented at the conference».

1)* complete induction
2) incomplete induction
3) partial induction

answer 1

95. Determine the type of inductive inference: «It is known that all students of groups 1, 3 and 8 of the first year showed up for the exam session. Therefore, all first-year students showed up for the exam session».

1)* incomplete induction
2) complete induction
3) partial induction

answer 1

96. Determine the type of inductive inference: «N. went to the police and stated that after eight in the evening four unknown persons met her son, an 11th-grade student, beat him, took his phone and disappeared. Later the unknown persons were detained based on their description. They turned out to be students of a vocational school».

1) incomplete induction
2) * complete induction

answer 2

97. Determine the type of inductive inference: «Volodya was late for a meeting with the president yesterday, and today he was late again. It appears that Volodya is always and everywhere late».

1) * incomplete induction
2) complete induction

answer 1

98. determine the type of the following concept - «a philosophical work by Socrates»:

1) general
2) * empty
3) singular

answer 2

99. Determine whether the conclusion «All tickets for the show were sold out» can be obtained by means of complete induction:

1) no
2) * yes
3) sometimes

answer 2

100. Determine whether the conclusion «All servicemen take the oath» can be obtained by means of complete induction:

1) yes
2)* no
3) sometimes

answer 2

101. Determine whether the conclusion «All pupils of the school were vaccinated» can be obtained by means of complete induction:

1)* yes
2) no
3) sometimes

answer 1

102. Determine whether the conclusion «Hot weather lasted all week» can be obtained by means of complete induction:

1) no
2)* yes
3) sometimes

answer 2

103. Determine whether the conclusion «A cold May – a fruitful year» can be obtained by means of complete induction:

1)* no
2) yes
3) sometimes

answer 1

104. Determine the figure of the syllogism: All doctors have a higher education. Some doctors work at a clinic. Therefore, some of those working at the clinic have a higher education.

1) figure 2
2) figure 1
3)* figure 3
4) figure 4

answer 3

105. Determine the figure of the syllogism: All bodies with a lower density than water float on water. All wooden bodies have a lower density than water. Therefore, all wooden bodies float on water.

1)* figure 3
2) figure 1
3) figure 2
4) figure 4

answer 1

106. Determine the figure of the syllogism: No flowering plant reproduces by spores. Ferns reproduce by spores. Ferns are not flowering plants.

1) figure 1
2) * figure 2
3) figure 3
4) figure 4

answer 2

107. Determine the figure of the syllogism: Ostriches cannot fly. Ostriches are birds. Therefore, some birds cannot fly.

1) figure 1
2) * figure 3
3) figure 2
4) figure 4

answer 2

108. Determine the type of law of logic: «Any thought can be recognized as true if and only if it has a sufficient basis; every thought must be substantiated».

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4)* the law of sufficient reason

answer 4

109. Determine the type of the concept «inspector»:

1)* general
2) empty
3) singular

answer 1

110. Determine the type of the concept «the Sun»:

1) * singular
2) null
3) general

answer 1

111. Determine the type of proposition: «Some countries have a one-party system».

1) existential
2) relational
3) * attributive

answer 3

112. Determine the type of proposition: «Nothing exists without a cause».

1) * existential
2) relational
3) attributive

answer 1

113. Determine the type of proposition: «North of the islands of Novaya Zemlya lie the islands bearing the name Franz Josef Land».

1) existential
2) * relational
3) attributive

answer 2

114. Determine the type of proposition according to the square: «A healthy mind in a healthy body».

1) proposition E. No S is P
2)* proposition A. All S is P
3) proposition I. Some S is P
4) proposition O. Some S is not P

answer 2

115. Determine the type of proposition according to the combined classification and its symbolic designation on the logical square: «Not all outstanding musicians had perfect pitch».

1) proposition I. Some S is P
2) proposition A. All S is P
3) proposition E. No S is P
4)* proposition O. Some S is not P

answer 4

116. Determine the type of proposition according to the combined classification and its symbolic designation on the logical square: «70% of the world's total freight turnover is transported by sea».

1) * proposition I. Some S is P
2) proposition A. All S is P
3) proposition O. Some S is not P
4) proposition E. No S is P

answer 1

117. The main goal of any argument or discussion:

1) consensus
2) extracting benefits
3) struggle
4)* agreement
5) destruction of the opponent

answer 4

118. The primary subject of logic is:

1) the ways, means and methods of correctly cognizing the world
2) the principles of cognition and of a person's cognitive relation to the world
3)* the forms of thought and the connections between them
4) the paralogisms and sophisms used by a person

answer 3

119. Indicate what the propositions from which another proposition follows are called in the structure of an inference:

1) grounds
2) theses
3)* premises
4) arguments
5) conclusions

answer 3

120. The relation on the logical square reflecting the given statement:«Two propositions can be true at the same time, but cannot be false at the same time -

1) subalternation
2) contradiction
3)* subcontrariety
4) contrariety

answer 3

121. The relation on the logical square reflecting the given statement: «Of two propositions, one must be true and the other – false» -

1) * contradiction
2) contrariety
3) subalternation
4) subcontrariety

A=B=C

answer 1

122. The relation on the logical square reflecting the given statement:«From the truth of universal propositions follows the truth of particular ones, but from the truth of
particular propositions the truth of universal ones is not necessary» -

1) * subalternation
2) contradiction
3) contrariety
4) subcontrariety

answer 1

123. The relation on the logical square reflecting the given statement: «Both propositions cannot be true at the same time, but can be false» -

1) subalternation
2) contradiction
3)* contrariety
4) subcontrariety

answer 3

124. Relations between concepts are depicted by:

1) Aristotle's circular diagrams
2) Pager's circular diagrams
3)* Euler's circular diagrams
4) Boyler's circular diagrams

answer 3

125. The relations between the concepts:
A daughter
B granddaughter
C woman (a person of female sex)
- are depicted by the following diagram:
Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

1) 1
2) 2
3)3
4) * 4

answer 4

126. The relations between the concepts «point», «line», «plane», «space» are depicted by the following diagram:
Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) * 4
5) 5

answer 4

127. The set (class) of objects reflected in our consciousness, each of which has the features fixed in the concept under study, is called its ……..
Write the answer:

answer extension

128. The totality of properties, features and relations of objects reflected in our consciousness, the core of which is formed by the distinctive essential properties, features and relations, is called the …….. of a concept.
Write the answer:

answer content

129. The «father» of logic as a science is considered to be…

1) Socrates
2) G.W.Leibniz
3) Democritus
4) Anaximander
5) * Aristotle
6) Plato
7) I.Kant
8) The website intellect.icu

answer 5

130. The error committed in the inference:A. Matter is eternal.B. Fabric is matter.Conclusion: Fabric is eternal -

1) substitution of the thesis
2) excessive proof
3) false premise
4)* quadrupling of the term (four-term fallacy)
5) errors in defining concepts

answer 4

131. Errors most often encountered in a discussion:

1) the use of ambiguous concepts
2)* failure to define concepts
3) insufficient definition of concepts
4) the use of pseudo-scientific concepts

answer 2

132. The paradox: «A barber shaves only those residents of his village who do not shave themselves; should he shave himself?» - is called ………
Think it over and write the answer:

Answer - The Barber

133. By logical form is meant:

1) a definite order in which certain thoughts are expressed
2)* the way of organizing or the way of connecting the elements that make up the composition of a specific thought
3) a way of presenting thoughts

answer 2

134. A concept that is greater in extension is called:

1) specific
2)* generic
3) null
4) general
5) broad

answer 2

135. The concept with the greatest extension: «lawyer», «lawyer Ivanov», «prosecutor», «jurist» -

1)* jurist
2) lawyer
3) prosecutor
4) lawyer Ivanov

answer 1

136. A concept – is:

1) this is a word or a phrase
2)* a form of thought
3) a true thesis
4) a certain object

answer 2

137. A concept – is:

1) a correct thought about an object or phenomenon
2) any judgment about an object or phenomenon
3)* a generalized thought about the essential features of an object
4) a certain word used by a person

answer 3

138. The concepts «star» and «constellation» are in the relation of:

1) subordination
2) intersection
3) definition
4) division
5) exclusion
6)* co-subordination

answer 6

139. Concepts whose extensions fully or partially coincide are called:

1) incompatible
2) * compatible
3) co-subordinate

answer 2

140. A sequence of thoughts connected according to definite rules, by means of which we generate new thoughts or substantiate ones already known, is called ……..
Write the answer:

answer reasoning

141. A sequence of mental actions according to predetermined rules is called …….. thinking
Write the answer:

answer formal

142. An intercity bus is traveling along the highway (see figure). Determine where it is heading:

1) to Minsk
2)* to Moscow
3) to Mars

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

answer 2

143. The rules of the syllogism violated by the mode AIA:

1)* if one of the premises is a particular proposition, then the conclusion will also be particular
2) the mode is correct
3) no conclusion follows from two negative premises
4) no conclusion follows from two particular propositions
5) the middle term is not distributed in either of the premises

answer 1

144. The rules of the syllogism violated by the mode OEI:

1) if one of the premises is a particular proposition, then the conclusion must also be particular
2) no conclusion can be drawn from two particular propositions
3)* no conclusion can be drawn from two negative propositions
4) if one of the premises is negative, then the conclusion must also be negative
5) the mode is correct

answer 3

145. The correctness of an inference depends above all on:

1) a person's ability to think
2)* the truth of the initial premises
3) the sufficiency of arguments and facts
4) knowledge of methods for avoiding complex errors

answer 2

146. Law – is the domain of:

1)* formal behavior
2) informal behavior
3) anti-formal behavior

answer 1

147. A law-governed society – is a society in which the following is most widely spread:

1)* formal behavior
2) informal behavior
3) anti-formal behavior

answer 1

148. The sentence «Farewell, free element!»:

1)* does not express a proposition
2) expresses a proposition

answer 1

149. The sentence «What is a slain gladiator to the raging crowd?»:

1) expresses a proposition
2) * does not express a proposition

answer 2

Answers to the tests

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 2

Answers to the tests

See also

See also

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