Logics

All lectures: All lectures on the discipline: logics are collected here. These fascinating lectures provide us with the opportunity to explore the deep principles and phenomena underlying our knowledge and our desire to understand the world.


1. Judgment is an abstract thought.
2. Inference is an abstract thought in which the conclusion is derived from the premise
3. A concept is an abstract thought that distinguishes an object as a system of all its essential properties.
4. LANGUAGE OF THE PREDICT LOGIC
5. LANGUAGE AS A SIGNING SYSTEM
6. PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC
7. RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOGIC
8. LOGIC OBJECT
9. Logical agents
10. Logics
11. Logic syntax
12. Logic semantics
13. Logical conclusion
14. Equivalence and Feasibility
15. Forward and reverse output
16. Return Search Algorithm
17. Algorithms for local search
18. Determination of Feasibility
19. Propositional Logic Agents
20. Logic Based Agents
21. Mapping agents
22. 1.1 Who thinks logically? Intuitive logic
23. 1.2 Tasks of logic
24. 2. Language and world Thinking and language
25. 3.1 Concept as a form of thinking, Concepts, statements, conclusions
26. 3.2 Simple and complex statements
27. 3.3 Categorical statements
28. 3.4 Judgments in logic. Judgment as a form of thinking.
29. 3.5 Meaningful and meaningless in logic
30. 3.6 Absurdity in Logic
31. 3.7 Syntactical Violations
32. 3.8 Semantic Impairments
33. 3.9 Foggy and dark
34. 3.10 Judgment Classification
35. 3.11 Questions Classification of questions Types and rules of the question
36. 3.12 Rules for asking questions. Answers on questions
37. 3.13 Logic inference Induction and deduction. Inference as a form of thinking. Figures and modes of simple syllogism General rules of simple syllogism
38. 4.1 The Art of Definition Definition and its Depth Tasks of Definition
39. 4.2 Implicit, Contextual, Ostensive and Axiomatic Definitions in Logic
40. 4.3 Explicit definitions in logic and requirements for them
41. 4.4 Real and nominal definitions
42. 4.5 Definitions-descriptions and definitions-requirements in logic
43. 4.6 Disputes about definitions in logics
44. 4.7 Boundaries of effective definitions
45. 4.8 The Clarity of the System of Concepts in Logic
46. 5.1 The art of classification in logic. Division operation An example of chaotic classification. The division of concepts and requirements for it.
47. 5.2 The basis of division in logic. Characteristic error dichotomous division
48. 5.3 Natural classification in logic. Natural and artificial classification Man as an object of classification Other examples of classification Pitfalls classification
49. 6.1 Laws of logic. The law of contradiction (Formulation Imaginary contradictions Implicit contradictions Multiple contradiction problems)
50. 6.2 Law of the excluded middle, Some applications of the law, Doubts about the universality of the law, Criticism of the law by Brauer
51. 6.3 Other laws of logic. The law of identity The law of contraposition The laws of de Morgan Modus ponens and modus tollens. Approving-denying and denying-approving modes. Constructive and destructive dilemmas. Law of Clavia
52. 6.4 On the so-called fundamental laws of logic. The interpretation of logical laws in traditional logic. The laws of logic as elements of a logical system
53. 100 logic tests with answers
54. 100 interesting logic tasks with answers and comments
55. Glossary of Logic Terms
56. 7.1 Non-classical logic Classical and non-classical in modern logic. From the history of non-classical logic
57. 7.2 Intuitionistic and multivalued logic Main ideas of intuitionism Multivalued logic
58. 7.3 Other sections of non-classical logic The logic of quantum mechanics Para-contradictory logic Logic of causality Logic of change
59. 7.4 Unity of logic
60. 8.1 Modal logic Modal concepts
61. 8.2 Logical necessity
62. 8.3 Physical necessity
63. 9. 1 Logical analysis of assessments and norms Good and debt: the possibility of logical research
64. 9.2 Structure of evaluative statements
65. 9.3 Rating logic
66. 9.4 Regulatory statements. Standards and assessments. Standards and descriptions
67. 9.5 Hume Principle (Yuma's guillotine)
68. 9.6 Structure and classification of norms
69. 9.7 Logic of norms
70. 10.1 Proof and refutation The concept of evidence and its structure Definition of evidence Proof in a broad sense
71. 10.2 Direct and indirect evidence
72. 10.3 Types of indirect evidence Consequences contradicting facts Internally contradictory consequences Separating evidence
73. 10.4 Denial Methods of Denial
74. 10.5 Errors in evidence Formal error Errors in relation to thesis Errors in relation to arguments
75. 11.1. Inductive reasoning Deduction and induction Deductive reasoning
76. 11.2 Varieties of Induction Incomplete Induction “Inverted Laws of Logic”
77. 11.3 Indirect Confirmation
78. 11.4 Target justification in logic
79. 11.5 Facts as examples and illustrations.
80. 11.6 Samples and ratings
81. 11.7 Analogy. Inference scheme by analogy Minimized analogies Analogy of properties and analogy of relations
82. 12.1 Sophisms Sophisms as an intellectual fraud Sophism as a deliberate deception Disadvantages of the standard interpretation of sophisms
83. 12.2 Aporia of Zeno in the logic of "Achilles and the Turtle", "Dichotomy" Aporia "Medimin grain" "Unintended knowledge"
84. 12.3 Sophisms and the development of knowledge in logic
85. 12.4 Sophisms and the emergence of logic Sophisms and logical analysis of the language Sophisms and conflicting thinking
86. 12.5 Sophisms as a special form of problem statement
87. 13.1 Logical paradoxes Paradoxes and development of logic
88. 13.2 “King of logical paradoxes” Language and metalanguage Other solutions of the paradox
89. 13.3 The Russell Paradox Many ordinary sets Other paradox options
90. 13.4 Paradoxes of Grelling and Berry Autologous and Heterologic Words
91. 13.5 Unsolvable dispute in logic Solving the paradox “Protagoras and Yevatl” Rules leading to a dead end
92. 13.6 Other paradoxes in logic Paradoxes of inaccurate concepts Paradoxes of inductive logic
93. 13.7 What is a logical paradox? Paradoxes and modern logic Elimination and explanation of paradoxes Logical grammar The future of paradoxes
94. 14.1 The Art of Dispute How not to argue Example of a stupid dispute Analysis of a dispute
95. 14.2 General Requirements for a Dispute Study of Disputes, Euristics, What is Required of a Dispute
96. 14.3 Correct and incorrect methods in dispute
97. 14.4 Four types of dispute The basis of division of disputes Discussion, controversy, eclecticism Sophistry
98. 3.1.2. Concept Definition Operation and Concept Division Operation. Logical sum and logical product of concepts
99. 2.2. Simple judgments
100. 2.3. Distributed and unallocated terms
101. 2.4. Transforming a Simple Judgment
102. 2.5. Logical square. Comparable and incomparable judgments
103. 2.6. Complicated judgment, composition and classification, truth rules
104. 2.7. Logical formulas