Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1

Lecture

Logic tests with answers

1. Abstraction is:

1) a logical method of forming concepts
2) a law of logic
3) a similarity between concepts

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1
2. Analogy is:

1) a rule of induction
2) an error in a syllogism
3) a law of logic
4) a compound proposition
5) a type of inference

3. In the joke: - Do you have color TVs? - Yes. - Then give me a yellow one - the following is violated:

1) the law of contradiction
2) the law of ambiguity
3) the law of the joke
4) the law of identity
5) the law of excluded middle

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1

4. In the division «People are men, women, athletes, and dancers» the following error was made:

1) a jump in division
2) quadruplication of terms
3) ambiguity
4) substitution of the basis
5) hasty generalization

5. At the beginning of its formation, logic existed as part of:

1) philosophy
2) art
3) ideology
4) mathematics
5) political science

6. A possible result of generalizing the concept «car wheel» would be the concept

1) automobile
2) means of transportation
3) a huge wheel
4) a man-made product

7. A possible result of limiting the concept «pencil» would be the concept:

1) writing instrument
2) stationery item
3) wooden object
4) a broken pencil
5) a man-made product

8. In the syllogism below, check the correctness of the conclusion; if the conclusion is incorrect, determine which rule of the syllogism has been violated: All secretaries are engaged in useful work.Some birds are secretaries.____________________ Therefore, some birds are engaged in useful work -

1) if one of the premises of the proposition is particular, then the conclusion must also be particular
2) the conclusion is correct
3) the middle term in one of the premises is not distributed
4) no conclusion can be drawn from two particular propositions
5) incorrect: the syllogism has more than 3 terms

9. In the syllogism below, check the correctness of the conclusion; if the conclusion is incorrect, determine which rule of the syllogism has been violated: Not all of A.P. Chekhov's works can be read in one day. «The Darling» – is a work by Chekhov.______________________ Therefore, «The Darling» cannot be read in one day -

1) the conclusion is correct
2) incorrect: the syllogism has 4 terms
3) the middle term is not distributed in the premises
4) to obtain a negative conclusion, the premise must also be negative
5) no conclusion can be drawn from two negative propositions
6) terms not taken in their full extent in the premises cannot be taken in their full extent in the conclusion

10. In the syllogism below, check the correctness of the conclusion; if the conclusion is incorrect, determine which rule of the syllogism has been violated: Some religions do not permit polygamy. All religions sanctify marriage.______________________________ Therefore, some religions sanctify polygamy -

1) the conclusion is correct
2) a syllogism should have no more than 3 terms
3) no conclusion whatsoever can be drawn from two negative propositions
4) the middle term is not distributed in the premises
5) incorrect: if a premise is negative, the conclusion must also be negative

11. In the syllogism below, check the correctness of the conclusion; if the conclusion is incorrect, determine which rule of the syllogism has been violated: Spouses must support each other financially. M. and N. support each other.___________________ Therefore, M. and N. are spouses -

1) the conclusion is correct
2) the conclusion is incorrect: the middle term is not distributed in the premises
3) a syllogism should have three terms
4) terms not taken in their full extent in the premises cannot be taken in their full extent in the conclusion either
5) no conclusion can be drawn from two particular propositions

12. A logical error is possible in the process of reasoning because:

1) human thinking itself is a poorly studied area
2) a person in principle cannot know the world
3) the subject intentionally or unintentionally violates the rules of thinking

13. In the reasoning: «When working on a lathe, the workpiece and the cutting tool heat up from friction, and the faster the chuck of the lathe rotates, the stronger their heating; therefore, the speed of rotation of the chuck is the cause of the degree of heating of the workpiece and the tool» - the conclusion was obtained by:

1) the method of agreement
2) the method of difference
3) the method of concomitant variation
4) the method of conducted observation
5) the method of conducted experiment

14. In the syllogism: Ancient Romans were politicians, orators, or writers. Cicero was a politician.____________________________________ Cicero was neither an orator nor a writer - an error has been made:

1) quadruplication of terms
2) substitution of the basis
3) hasty generalization
4) non-strict (inclusive) disjunction
5) violation of conjunction

15. In the syllogism: Laws are eternal principles of nature. Universal military conscription is a law ___________________. Universal military conscription is an eternal principle of nature - an error has been made:

1) substitution of the basis
2) quadruplication of terms
3) hasty generalization
4) non-strict (inclusive) disjunction
5) tautology

16. In the inference:Vasya Sidorov is a failing student, Petya Smirnov is a failing student, Sasha Ivanov is a failing student, Vasya Sidorov, Petya Smirnov, Sasha Ivanov are students of class 6 «B», All students of class 6 «B» are failing students - an error has been made:

1) popular induction
2) incomplete induction
3) violation of induction
4) non-strict induction
5) none of the above

17. Choose the correct variant of the logical operation of generalization for the concept “electron”:

1) conductor
2) atom
3) molecule
4) elementary particle

18. Choose the correct variant of the logical operation of conversion for the following proposition: «All economic laws are objective»

1) all objective laws are economic
2) some objective laws are economic
3) cannot be converted
4) some economic laws are objective

19. Choose the correct variant of the logical operation of limitation for the concept «society»:

1) primitive society
2) a collection of people
3) an association of people
4) the result of people's activity
5) a campaign

20. Choose the correct variant of the logical operation of obversion for the following proposition: «No court verdict should be unfounded» -

1) all court verdicts should be well-founded
2) all court verdicts should be unfounded
3) no court verdict should be well-founded
4) all court verdicts should not be well-founded

21. Choose the correct variant of the logical operation of contraposition of the predicate for the following proposition: «Some doctors are neurologists» -

1) all neurologists are doctors
2) some non-neurologists are doctors
3) cannot be transformed
4) no neurologist is a non-doctor

22. Inferential knowledge (knowledge derived from premises) is studied by:

1) mathematical logic
2) formal logic
3) dialectical logic
4) symbolic logic

23. The statement: «Human concepts are not static, but eternally move and pass into one another; without this they would not reflect living life» - belongs to:

1) Socrates
2) Aristotle
3) V.I. Lenin
4) F. Bacon
5) G.W. Leibniz

24. Determine whether the requirement of the law of sufficient reason is violated here: All students study economics. Semyonov studies economics. Therefore he is a student.

1) yes
2) no

25. G.W. Leibniz considered the main function of logic to be:

1) factologization
2) calculus
3) argumentation
4) proof

26. «Stupidity» - is a concept that is:

1) concrete
2) abstracted
3) abstract
4) negative

27. The following diagram:
Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1
- corresponds to the following group of concepts:

28. Two concepts, the extension of one of which is fully contained within the extension of the other, but does not coincide with it, are in:

1) a relation of intersection
2) a relation of equivalence
3) a relation of subordination

29. Two contrary propositions about two different objects:

1) must be simultaneously true
2) must be simultaneously false
3) must be one true, the other false
4) can be of any truth value whatsoever

30. Two contradictory propositions about two different objects cannot be:

1) simultaneously true
2) simultaneously false
3) one true, the other false
4) each neither true nor false

31. Deductive inferences are called:

1) alogisms
2) syllogisms
3) sophisms
4) paradoxes
5) logicisms

32. The following is a deductive inference:

1) All people are mortal ,Socrates is a person, Socrates is mortal
2) Copper conducts electricity, Iron conducts electricity, Copper and iron are metals, Metals conduct electricity,

33. Division of a concept, in which its extension is fully divided into two subsets, which are the extensions of contradictory concepts, is called ……..Write the answer:

dichotomous
Apotomic

answer: at the bottom of the page

34. Division of a concept reveals its:

1) content
2) form
3) meaning
4) significance
5) extension

35. Demonstration is:

1) a type of induction
2) an operation with a concept
3) a rule of the syllogism
4) a part of proof
5) a form of thought

36. A discussion, as a rule, should always begin:

1) with an agreement not to insult one another
2) with defining the goal of the dispute
3) with presenting facts and arguments
4) with defining the concepts
5) with clarifying the thesis of the dispute

37. Proof, as a logical operation, has the following structure:

1) thesis, arguments, demonstration
2) premise, conclusion, inference

38. If flattery, bluff, and slander are combined into a single whole, the result is:

1) concealment
2) disinformation
3) sophism
4) falsification
answer: at the bottom of the page

39. If the proposition «All people have studied logic» is false, then the proposition «All people have not studied logic» is:

1) true
2) false
3) incorrect
4) truthful
5) indeterminate in truth value

40. The law of logic of Aristotle that played a negative role in the development of dialectical thinking:

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1

41. The law of logic symbolically represented as follows: «It is not the case that A and not-A» -

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

42. The law of logic symbolically represented by the formula: «A is A» -

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

43. The law of logic symbolically represented by the formula: «A is either B or not B» -

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

44. The law of logic symbolically represented by the formula: «If there is B, then there is its condition A» -

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

45. The law of logic formulated by the German logician G.W. Leibniz:

1) the law of identity
2) the law of contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

46. The law of logic most often applied in proofs and argumentation:

1) the law of identity
2) the law of (non-)contradiction
3) the law of excluded middle
4) the law of sufficient reason

47. The law of identity states that:

1) any concept or thesis must be proved only by true premises
2) any concept or thesis must not change in the course of reasoning
3) any concept or thesis can be either true or false
4) any concept or thesis must not contradict itself

48.The laws of logic are:

1) a necessity really present in the world
2) a person's habitual thought about what is important in the world
3) mental reflections of necessary connections in the world
4) rules, formulas of logical reasoning

49. The laws of thought in classical (formal) logic were named formal laws because:

1) they draw attention to the forms in which mental operations take place
2) they are aimed at revealing the regularities of thinking
3) they are directed at the content of thinking

50. The significance of the law of sufficient reason lies in the fact that no inference arises:

1) without preliminary premises
2) without a certain set of conditions
3) without definitions agreed upon in advance

51. The significance of the law of excluded middle is shown in the fact that if the first proposition is true, then:

1) the other, opposite proposition is necessarily false
2) the other, opposite proposition is either true or false
3) the other, opposite proposition is true in one case, false in another

52. The significance of the law of contradiction is shown in the fact that if the thesis:

1) is stipulated, then no dispute will arise
2) is true, then it is true in every respect
3) is defined, then it does not change in the course of reasoning

53. The significance of the law of identity is shown in the fact that concepts and theses must be:

1) unambiguous and stipulated
2) known and accessible to everyone
3) defined and unchanging throughout the reasoning

54. A famous logician who believed that "logic is medicine for the mind":

1) Aristotle
2) G.W. Leibniz
3) B. Russell
4) E. Tschirnhaus
5) A.N. Kolmogorov

55. Of the Russians listed, the greatest contribution to the development of logic was made by:

1) V.S. Solovyov;
2) N.A. Berdyaev;
3) P.S. Poretsky
4) V.I. Lenin
5) G.V. Plekhanov

56. Induction is:

1) a compound proposition
2) a logical connective
3) a type of inference
4) a type of deduction
3) a law of logic

57. The truth of a thought is:

1) the logical correctness of a thought
2) the correspondence of a thought to objective reality
3) the plausibility of a thought

58. What can be true or false is:

1) a concept
2) a proposition
3) a term
4) a quantifier

59. According to F. Bacon, various «idols» lead to logical errors. Indicate which «idols» refer to errors made due to the ambiguity of the concepts used (for example, the Russian word «kosa» at once means a tool, a sandbar, and a girl's braided hair):

1) «idols of the tribe»
2) «idols of the cave»
3) «idols of the marketplace»
4) «idols of the theater»

60. Errors in the premises include:

1) substitution of the thesis
2) excessive proof
3) false premise
4) quadruplication of the term
5) errors in defining concepts

61. Logic became an independent science:

1) in the 6th – 5th centuries BC
2) in the 4th century BC
3) in the 1st – 2nd centuries AD
4) in the 3rd – 5th centuries AD

62. Logic is a science:

1) about the ability to conduct a discussion, an argument
2) about the rational cognition of the world
3) about the unity of the empirical and theoretical levels of knowledge
4) about the laws and forms of correct thinking

63. Logic is:

1) a theory of reasoning
2) a theory of correct reasoning
3) a science of artificial languages

64. Logic should not have the function(s):

1) explanatory
2) critical
3) educational
4) illusory-compensatory
5) cultural

65. The logician who claimed that «the highest form of inference is inductive inference»:

1) Aristotle
2) F. Bacon
3) R. Descartes
4) G.W. Leibniz
5) I. Kant

66. The logician who believed that «logic is the most important way of verifying the truth of acquired knowledge»:

1) Aristotle
2) F. Bacon
3) R. Descartes
4) G.W. Leibniz
5) I. Kant

67. The logician who formulated the following paradox: A. Medicine for the sick is a good. B. The more good, the better._______________. Conclusion: Medicine should be used as much as possible -

1) Socrates
2) Aristotle
3) F. Bacon
4) J. Buridan
5) G.W. Leibniz
6) I. Kant

68. The logician who formulated the following paradox: A. A donkey wanted to eat.B. The donkey stood between two completely identical and equidistant bundles of hay and, given equal motives, could not decide which
bundle to eat first.___________________________________________________. Result: The donkey died of hunger -

1) Socrates
2) Aristotle
3) F. Bacon
4) J. Buridan
5) G.W. Leibniz
6) I. Kant

69. The logician who asserted that «a proposition is the highest form of thought»:

1) Aristotle;
2) F. Bacon;
3) R. Descartes;
4) G.W. Leibniz;
5) I. Kant

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Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1

Logic Tests with Answers, Part 1

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Lectures and tutorial on "Logics"

Terms: Logics