4. Laws and categories of communication theory

Laws of communication theory

Categories of communication theory

The specificity of laws formulated by the Labor Code is largely determined by its subject matter, characterized by the specifics of the existing informational links in nature and society.

1. The laws of communication are objective;
2. Laws express the universal character of information exchange as a property of living matter, as well as interrelationships in society as a whole and in its individual parts;
3. There are dynamic laws (reflecting the connection of phenomena) and statistical laws (reflecting non-linear dependencies of phenomena, based on statistical facts - measured and organized);
4. The laws of communication act in conjunction with other social and natural laws - economic, psychological, political, technical, etc.
5. Information exchange in nature and society is possible when the following conditions are met, the need to fulfill which brings them to the level of laws.

The highly developed categorical apparatus speaks of the highly developed theory of communication.

Extremely common to the theory of the very concept of communication. Back in the 19th century this concept was considered only in engineering and technical terms; at the beginning of the 20th, the term gained social significance due to its use in various fields of humanitarian knowledge. Often they began to identify communication and social communication.

Inevitably, there was the emergence of the problem of correlating communication and communication as concepts of the same level. There are several approaches to solving this problem.

1. 1. Identification of the concepts of communication and communication.
   2. Proponents of this theory were such eminent philosophers as L.S. Vygotsky, V.N. Kurbatov, A.A. Leontyev. In a number of dictionaries we find - “K. - the path of communication, communication.
   3. Separation of concepts.
   4. For example, the well-known Russian philosopher MS Kagan holds this point of view. He offers two differences:
      • communication has a practical, material, and spiritual, informational, and practically-spiritual nature, and K. is a purely informational process, the transmission of certain messages.
      • the nature of communication between the interacting systems is different. K. - subject-object communication, where the subject transmits some information (knowledge, ideas, business messages). And the object acts as a passive recipient (receiver of information), which must receive it, understand it, decode it correctly, learn it well and act accordingly.
      • Famous social psychologist G.M. Andreeva proposes to highlight in the structure of communication (as a wider category) three interrelated parties:
        • communicative or proper communication (exchange of information between communicating individuals;
        • the interactive side (the organization of interaction between communicating individuals, the exchange of knowledge, ideas, actions);
        • perceptual (the process of perception and knowledge of each other partners in communication and the establishment of mutual understanding on this basis).

The well-known sociologist A.V. Sokolov. He considers communication as one of the positions of communicative activity. At the heart of his reasoning are the objectives of the participants in the interaction.

Sokolov identifies three options for the relationship between communicants:

1. 1. • subject-subject relationship in the form of a dialogue of equal partners (which is communication);
      • subject-object relation (control, in which the communicator views the recipient as an object of communicative influence, a means of achieving its goals);
      • object-subject relation (imitation, when the recipient purposefully chooses a sample for himself in the face of a certain communicator, who may not know about it).

In each of the presented approaches, the correlation of concepts is considered depending on the content (information) that is embedded in them.

Over time, several semantic options for “information” appeared:

1. 1. • information about something transmitted by people;
      • signals, impulses circulating in cybernetic systems;
      • measure to eliminate uncertainty;
      • system organization measure;
      • reflection of diversity in any objects and processes of animate and inanimate nature.
   2. An approach based on the concept of information exchange.
   3. His supporters believe that communication does not exhaust all information processes in society.

These processes permeate all social subsystems, not always putting on just words or texts. Information is also exchanged in a non-linguistic form, its carriers are facial expressions and gestures, intonation and pauses, things, objects, and material carriers of culture.

With this approach, “communication” represents the very human interaction that is carried out most often by means of a language. All information processes in society as a whole can be designated by the term "SOCIAL COMMUNICATION".

Any communicative act is carried out within the framework of certain space-time coordinates.

Communicative space - a system of diverse communication links arising between different communication agents (individuals, groups of people, social communities). KP is different density and length. Density depends on the intensity and number of interactions. Length is a kind of communicative distance. Close distance - direct contact, a large - mass communication. Hence the choice of strategy and means of communication.

Communicative time is the duration and sequence of the communicative acts themselves.

People often lack time to make and implement decisions. The speed of information transmission can prevent conflict, reduce its sharpness, and establish mutual understanding.

• What are the different approaches to defining communication structures?
• What are the characteristics of the communicative space?