2 4. Effects of interpersonal perception.

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• Effects of interpersonal perception.
• General patterns of perception.

The effect of communication is associated with the concept of perception. This is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data. Among the general patterns are usually noted:

• principle of selectivity;
• integrity principle;
• principle of constancy (stability).

Features of human perception have a significant impact on the course of interpersonal communication. Let's pay attention to some rules that are useful to remember and follow which largely organizes the process of managing one's perception.

Rules of the organization of the perception management process:

1. The process of perception has a personal basis.
2. Since it is our interpretations that most clearly reflect reality, we may experience difficulties in the course of interpersonal communication.
3. If you allow emotions and needs to “control” our perceptions, you can skip important messages sent to us from other people.

The formulated rules make it possible in the general process of human perception to nevertheless reveal what distinguishes people's perception of objects from people’s perception of each other.

The first feature is connected with the fact that the subject and object of interpersonal perception - in this case, it is people - are fundamentally similar. We assume that to some extent, the experience of another person resembles our own, and this assumption helps us to perceive it more accurately.

The second feature is due to the following. If a person makes a mistake when perceiving an object (for example, he takes artificial flowers as real ones), then he can quite easily correct it by performing actions with this object that will make it possible to detect the error. A mistake in the perception of another person or misconceptions about his goals or intentions is much more difficult not only to verify, but also to correct.

The impact of self-esteem. The completeness and nature of the assessment of another person depends on such qualities of the evaluator, as the degree of self-confidence, inherent attitude towards other people.

Projection The cognizant can invest his fortunes in another person, ascribe features to him that are inherent in him, and may not be present in the person being assessed.

Halo effect. This is the tendency of the perceiver to exaggerate the homogeneity of the partner’s personality, for example, to transfer a favorable impression of one person’s quality to all his other qualities.

Stereotyping. Social stereotypes are the basis for creating a first impression, and social stereotyping is the main mechanism of this process. Social stereotype is a stable perception of any events or people, peculiar to representatives of a particular group.

The perception by one person of another is always simultaneously true and wrong, right and wrong, more precisely in relation to the main characteristics of the moment and less accurate in relation to the others. It takes extra effort to see both the similarities and the differences between people.

Thus, failures and failures in interpersonal communication often occur because, firstly, people incorrectly and inaccurately perceive each other; secondly, they do not understand that their perceptions are inaccurate.

• What are the general patterns of perception?
• What are the problems of interpersonal communication?