15 3 Artist's personality

The affirmation of the value of the unique spiritual world of the individual is a great achievement of human culture. In the myth of Orpheus, the ancient Greeks glorified artistic skills as the highest value. Even Hades, the inexorable god of the underworld, was moved by Orpheus's singing and his playing the golden harp. The artist's special power over the souls of people was recognized as magical, even witchcraft. V. Dal defines the concept of "artist" as identical in the popular understanding to the word "sorcerer", "wizard". The Ukrainian-language concept of "artist" comes from the word "myth" (myth) and means the skill of creating an image as an object of worship, sorcery. With regard to the personality of the artist, it has long been believed that higher powers - the gods - speak through his lips. He is given the magical power to transform human suffering and pain into beauty. His heart is filled with pain for the world, and from his lips fly not a cry or a groan, but magical melodies. The artist was rightly seen as a genius capable of creating a world more perfect than it actually is. The Renaissance and then the Romantics believed that "the artist must create as God created the world and even better" [9, p. 58].

The ability to create perfect images determined the artist's special place in the experience of humanity. The ancient Greeks equated him with a hero. True, Plato does not find a place for artists in the ideal state ("The Republic") on the grounds that they depict the changing beauty of the real world, and not the absolute beauty of ideas. Is there not a place for poets, even for Homer, and musicians in that they cultivate "tender feelings". In the times of early Christianity, the work of an artist was a rather dangerous occupation, since the ideologists of Christianity, fighting with ancient culture, persecuted artists who created statues of their gods. Thus, Tertullian, paying tribute to the skill of sculptors, warned against worshiping the statues they create [2, p. 173].

Artistic talent appeared in the history of mankind as a decisive factor in the establishment of a new view of man, the Renaissance clearly demonstrates. From this period, the value of a person began to be determined not by nobility of origin, pedigree or estates, but by creative abilities. Officials, the powerful of this world understood that they could leave their image for future generations only thanks to the formative skills of artists. This contributed to a change in the point of view on the purpose of art and the personality of the creators of artistic masterpieces. Convincing evidence of such a change in public opinion, say, an episode from the biography of Titian. The famous Italian portraitist, invited to the Spanish royal court, painted a portrait of the king of this country, Charles V. While working, the artist's brushes fell from his hands. Bending over, the king picked them up from the floor and handed them to Titian. In response to the indignant roar of the court nobility about the unheard-of act for a royal person, the king noted that he could make as many dukes and counts as he wanted. But no one could make Titian. Artists were even forgiven for their lack of restraint in their behavior when communicating with high-ranking officials. For example, Pope Julius II agreed with Michelangelo's demand, which forbade anyone from visiting the Sistine Chapel until the completion of the fresco "The Last Judgment". When the Pope tried to violate the requirement, the artist used physical force against the sacred person, pushing him out of the Chapel by the shoulders. Biographers of the great Michelangelo cite many episodes of his independent behavior in communicating with the powers that be. It should be noted that this independence is due to respect for the talent in himself, which the artist perceives not as property, but as a gift given to him for the general spiritual well-being of people. Michelangelo's interesting thoughts on this subject are given by Francisco de Olanda in his work "Four Dialogues on Painting". The great Michelangelo notes in particular: "Outstanding artists are not at all inaccessible because of their pride, but ... because they meet only a few who understand art, or because they do not want to distract attention from those high thoughts that constantly come to them with empty talk, and do not want to be drawn into petty everyday interests" [11, v. 2, p. 194].

The scale of the spirit of a talented person determines the specificity of its vitality. In the two-dimensionality of human life - the sphere of the real and the ideal - the life of an ordinary person is focused on the realities of everyday life. A talented person feels like a stranger in the realities of life and clings to the demands of necessity with extreme difficulty. The real area where she is truly free, where duty is not a burden, but a pleasure for her - is creativity. Creativity is true life is that the spirit strives for self-realization, and creative skills give it the opportunity to realize itself with due fullness. All spiritual structures of the subject interact purposefully, focusing on deepening and improving images, constantly live in the imagination and will require materialization in the activity of artistic form