5 7 Aesthetic ideas of Ukrainian Peredvidrozhennya

There are no treatises on aesthetics in Ukraine’s XIII-XVII centuries. However, there is reason to consider certain reflections on the problems of art and artistic creativity in relation to questions of faith and its symbol, the values ​​of cognition and the role of sensory experience in cognitive activity, the value of an indifferent attitude of the individual to the world To the faith and earthly destiny of a man. The period of the XIV-XVII centuries is the time of the political credibility of the Ukrainian lands from the Lithuanian and Polish princes M. Hrushevsky noted: \ "Poland gathered under its own In almost all Ukrainian lands, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania would serve as a stage in the transition under the rule of Poland, to the sphere of influence of its state structure, law and way of life "[6, 118-119] The policy of enriching and polonization, which the Polish government consistently carried out the fact that \ "complete and decay of the Ukrainian element under the influence of these conditions in Western Ukraine became quite clear in the first half of the XV in the Ukrainian population lives in the Ukrainian provinces of Poland only as an ethnographic and the mass, not the nation, and the Orthodox \ "Russian \" church remains the only institution that wears the national uniform \ "[b, p 130-131 to carry the national form" [b, p. 130-131].

Social, national and religious harassment, in particular the ban \ "public service of Orthodox worship and church ceremonies \" (M Hrushevsky) cause the growth of organized national struggle among the urban residents of the Orthodox faith-confession, deprived of any social rights of the Brotherhood, which consist as a social phenomenon, they acquire the character of a consolidated nationalist movement aimed at the defense of the main holiday of the people - the national faith. Under the influence of the rise of the church organization to ratstv begins to join the Orthodox gentry, even noble families, thus providing all the movement weight and znachimostita znachuschostі.

Religious movements in Western Europe were important for raising the cultural and national consciousness of Ukrainian. The struggle of Protestants against Catholics became an important source of inspiration for the defense of pravoslavia against Catholicism. In this process, education and literacy were important, they were valued as an instrument of religious and national struggle. M. Grushevsky 119 Ukrainian reforms would be ratovs (communities) that operated in the Russian lands. The content of the faith and the methods of worship were a nourishing source. national spirit, collecting it in the integrity of the morally and aesthetically defined.

Modern researchers of the National Renaissance view the people's struggle to preserve the Orthodox faith and national culture as manifestations of the ideas of Renaissance humanism in Ukraine. There are three main and stages of its development. First - approximately to the middle of the 16th century, typologically similar to the early Italian, has ethical and philological character. Russian humanists were socially-oriented problems, questions of ethics and aesthetics. In the second period - the second half of the XVI - before the beginning of the XVII century - was carried out in Intensive development of early humanistic problems in combination with the ideas of the Reformation and the ideas of the Byzantine Revival. This is the period of active formation of the historical self-consciousness of the Ukrainian people and the ideal of humanistic patriotism. The third period - the second third of the XVII - the beginning of the XVIII century - the period of the development of the whole complex of humanistic ideas and partially reforming [16, from 13] Early humanists - Yuri Drohobych (about 1450-1494), Pavel Rusin (died 1517), Stanislav Orekhovsky (1513-1566) and others, having received education in the West in higher educational institutions humanistic ideas, predominantly on the territory of Ukraine (Russian Voivodeship), claimed Ukrainian humanists as well as Italian, were carriers of broad education. Among the numerous problems associated with the state’s attitude to the people, the protection of human rights and freedoms, humanists also paid attention to artistic ideas. Richness They were the ideological inspirers of the Renaissance art of the mystery.

Like the early Italian humanists, Ukrainian researched issues of linguistics, including the origin of Slavic languages, their connection with the \ "sacred languages ​​\" (Hebrew, Ancient Greek, Latin Latin) Highly valued humanists ancient Slavic language common to all Slavs, and also saw in it rallying for resistance to all attackers and colonialists, turned to the colloquial Ukrainian Insk language, applying its momentum, vocabulary in Polish and Latin treatises For example, with the Orekhovsky treatises \ "The Apostasy of Rome \" and \ "Cr The development of the polemic book on the defense of Orthodoxy developed the aesthetic characteristics of the polemic literature, which were included in the treasury of the national spiritual heritage. The need to competently conduct polemics and with ideological opponents stimulated an active interest in learning, mastering rhetorical culture, mastering languages, above all , Greek and Latin. In the polemical struggle the scribes widely interpreted the national cultural heritage and reinterpreted them. Based on its own cultural traditions of achieving the Western European Renaissance On this basis, their work consisted of a complex of humanities of political ideas on the national soil of ideas on the national ground.

At the second stage of the Reformation movement, beginning from the end of the XVI century, the East Slavic versions of the Reformation and the Renaissance-humanistic worldview are formed. The Western Reformation was rethought and its own Reformation ideas were created, in particular, finding a certain relationship between the moral structure and the way of thinking of the Reformation and the Ukrainian Orthodox In the cultural and moral-aesthetic sense, such components of faith as its personal character are important here; It was with the motivation of believers to search for the meaning of life, inner experience and comprehension of truths and faith in order to find ways of their own salvation. This period was characterized by the flowering of polemical literature on the defense of Orthodoxy and poetry, asserted Renaissance-humanistic progress.

The wide movement of humanism is associated with the development of education, book, scientific, scientific and literary activities in numerous cultural and educational centers at the estates of grandees, as well as with the brotherhoods of the Zokre Rema in Ostroh Cultural Center develops poetic creativity - a new metric system of poetry is being developed (aphoristic type of philosophical knowledge ) Eraratura suffered a particular heyday. Its distinguished representatives were Gerasim Smotritsky, Kirill L, essay, Cleric of Ostrog, Asily Surazhsky, Christopher Filalet (author \ "Apocrisis \"), Demian Nalyvayko and others. The talented and polemicist was Ivan Vyshensky In their activities, the main issue was the creation of a new religious doctrine Humanistic ideas were also developed and defended in poetic creativity. poetry became organic on the grounds that poetic creativity thanks to the free and vivid expression of thoughts and feelings contributed to the popularization of the ascending principles of the reformations of young ideas, there is an aesthetic problems entirely subordinated to social and religious ideals by contacting the spiritual achievements of ancient Russian epohavnoruskoї Epoch.

As part of the formation of the Ukrainian version of the Reformation ideology, a person was asserted in her activity and originality. An important role in asserting the creative nature of man belonged to a religious scientist about the "third hypostasis of God - the life-giving spirit", which was all considered in the human soul the basis of high value of \ "inner person \" Of the possible options for moral self-affirmation of the personality, Ukrainian humanists preferred not good monastic virtues, but good deeds the ideal of life was a creative person, a statesman, a poet, a booklet, a writer. The main focus was on the spiritual beauty of man, where virtues related to high spirituality and service to the common good appeared in the first place. The latter has a specific direction - serving the people, defending national culture and its development, the preservation of national traditions from leveling and profanation of newcomers and profanities.

Note that these were not only declarations and good wishes. Just like the Western leaders of the Renaissance and the Reformation, they usually put the values ​​of national culture at risk to their life, they were active in its active development. A vivid example of such a ministry of the humanist movement was the activity of Pyotr Mohyla (1596-1647), aimed at extracting and approving literate, educated, highly erudite representatives of the Ukrainian nation in the Kiev College founded by him (XVII century ) Within its framework, a new generation of defenders was rightfully formed, the development of the Russian language took place (students wrote sermons) and M Kostomarov literature, defining the work of P Mohyla in Ukrainian culture, wrote that thanks to Kiev’s activities to the Olegium \ "in the country where Russian speech, Russian faith and even Russian origins are branded with the seal of ignorance, rudeness and disrespect from the dominant tribe - hundreds of Russian young men suddenly appear in this country with the techniques of the then educated people, and they are not beautiful Her call themselves Russian; with the recognized means of science, they come out in defense of their faith and nationality "[10, I 122" [10, p. 122].

The result of the moral direction of the spokespeople of Ukrainian humanism on the establishment of national shrines arises the greatest value - the formation of a person who is the carrier of moral and aesthetic subjectivity began. This is a person who realizes and protects the values, acts as their active creator.