So, the task is to find out a computer's name from its IP address. There are two ways:
1) The most reliable: via the nbtstat command:
C:\>nbtstat -a 192.168.0.1
where instead of 192.168.0.1 - substitute the computer's IP address.
2) Via the domain's DDNS (Active Directory), where every computer is supposed to register its DNS name. Query type - PTR (one caveat - the PTR record may not correspond to reality due to the record being outdated, old records not being cleaned up on the domain controller, computers changing, etc.)
C:\>nslookup -type=ptr 192.168.0.1
I prefer method number 1.
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