4. Students' vocational orientation, E. A. Klimov's Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire, health and professions

Teaching methods:

1. Practical class with elements of discussion.
2. Testing.

Objectives:

Instructional: to familiarise learners with a methodology designed for selection among various types of professions in accordance with E.A. Klimov's classification of profession types, used in career guidance for adolescents and adults.

Developmental: to continue developing the ability to analyse, compare, contrast, identify the main point, establish cause-and-effect relationships, give examples, and improve the ability to work independently.

Educational (character-building): to form an emotionally engaged personal attitude toward innovative technologies and to foster an active life stance. Learners acquire the ability to listen, ask questions, and behave correctly using knowledge of business etiquette, and rules of conduct in society are developed.

Equipment:

• whiteboard
• tests

Form of organisation of learning activity in the lesson:

• whole-class
• individual

Motivation: the relevance of the lesson topic lies in expanding learners' knowledge of methodologies designed for selection among various types of professions in accordance with a classification of profession types, in particular that of E.A. Klimov, which can be used in career guidance for adolescents.

Expected outcomes:

• mastery of new material
• increased interest in the profession, application of E.A. Klimov's differential diagnostic questionnaire (DDQ) in career guidance.

Course of the lesson

Methods for career selection and career guidance

1. Diagnostics of signalling-system structure (E.F. Zeer, A.M. Pavlova, N.O. Sadovnikova). Based on the relative predominance in a person of the first or second signalling system, specific types of higher nervous activity are determined: the artistic type (predominance of the first signalling system), the thinking type (predominance of the second signalling system), and the mixed type (a relatively equal role for both systems). Based on the diagnostic results, recommendations are given on which type of work activity is most suitable for the person tested.

2. "Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire" (DDO). This method is designed to select among different types of professions in accordance with E. A. Klimov's classification of occupation types (human–nature, human–technology, human–human, human–sign system, human–artistic image). The results of the DDO questionnaire show which professional sphere a person has an inclination and interest toward.

3. "Map of Interests", a questionnaire developed by A. E. Golomshtok. The test is used for career guidance purposes when hiring. It can be used to assess both adolescents and adults. Based on the structure of the answers, the degree to which interest is expressed toward a particular type of professional activity is determined (biology, geography, geology, medicine, light and food industry, physics, chemistry, engineering, electrical and radio engineering, metalworking, woodworking, construction, transport, aviation, maritime affairs, military specialties, history, literature, journalism, social work, pedagogy, law, the service sector, mathematics, economics, foreign languages, fine arts, performing arts, music, physical education and sport).

4. "Map of Interests", modified by O. G. Filimonova. A. E. Golomshtok's questionnaire is quite widely represented in various sources. It is based on a list of fields of activity for which questions to students were composed. This questionnaire has been published unchanged for a long time and has become outdated, both in terms of the list of fields of activity and the wording of the questions. When administered in a classroom it provokes laughter and confusion, which prompted the author to improve it somewhat. The new list of fields of activity now includes such currently popular activities as information technology, sociology, philosophy, and business.

5. "Profession Choice Matrix". This method was developed by the Moscow Regional Youth Career Guidance Center. Using 2 questions and a table, one can identify the profession closest to the interests and inclinations of the respondent.

6. L. A. Yovaisha's method is designed to determine a person's inclinations toward various spheres of professional activity (the arts, technical interests, working with people, mental labour, physical labour, and the sphere of material interests).

7. L. N. Kabardova's questionnaire for determining professional readiness. Based on the subject's results, a conclusion is drawn about which sphere of professional activity they are inclined toward (human–sign system, –technology, –nature, –artistic image, –human).

8. "Orientation", a questionnaire by I. L. Solomin. The questionnaire is suitable for self-assessment of the professional interests and abilities of young people and adults, and is very simple to use and score. It determines the predominant inclination and aptitude for one of five types of professions (human–human, –technology, –sign system, –artistic image, –nature) and correspondence to two classes: executive and creative.

9. Assessment of a teacher's professional orientation. This method was developed to determine the degree of a teacher's involvement in the profession, to identify the mechanisms through which professional activity affects the personality, and to reveal typical pedagogical deformations of the personality.

10. "Is the profession of realtor right for you?" Want to become a professional realtor? Take our test and find out what your chances of success are.

11. "Profassociations". A career-guidance test based on the associative method. The test-taker gives associations to professions. Professional orientation is assessed. Can be used in both individual and group career-guidance work.

12. "Professional intentions". All the questions of the methodology are grouped into five areas, and the answers indicate the level of formation and awareness of each of them (life plans, hobbies and professional intentions, knowledge of the profession, self-assessment of suitability for the profession, effectiveness of career-guidance work).

13. "Profile" (A. Golomshtok's map of interests methodology, as modified by G. Rezapkina). This methodology examines professional interests. It helps determine a course of study profile.

14. "Goal - Means - Result" methodology by A. A. Karmanov (GMR). The methodology is designed to study the features of the structure of an activity.

15. Express diagnostics of a person's social values. The methodology helps identify personal, professional, and socio-psychological orientations and preferences and can be useful both in choosing the nature of one's work and in evaluating an employee during hiring and staff appraisal.

16. "Career anchors" methodology for diagnosing value orientations in a career (E. Schein, translated and adapted by V. A. Chiker and V. E. Vinokurova). This test is designed to determine the strength of career orientation. It can be used for the career guidance of both teenagers and adults.

17. Predictive Index - a system that helps companies predict an employee's behaviour at work, communication style, decision-making style, and also identify the main behavioural motives, needs, and level of motivation in a given position. This helps companies compare candidates, assess an employee's fit for a given position, the team as a whole, and the corporate culture.. identify areas whose further development would increase efficiency in a specific position, as well as in staff motivation.

Health and choice of profession

Health plays an important role in choosing a profession, since professional activity can have different effects on a person's physical and mental state. Here is how health can affect the choice of profession:

1. Physical health:

   • A person's physical condition can determine their ability to perform various kinds of work. For example, some professions require high physical activity, while others involve long periods of sitting at a computer. People with good physical health can choose professions that match their physical abilities.

2. Mental health:

   • Mental state also matters. Some professions can involve high levels of stress, anxiety, or emotional strain. People with good mental health may cope better with such conditions, while for others this can be a challenge.

3. Chronic illnesses and limitations:

   • People with chronic illnesses or physical limitations may be restricted in their choice of profession. However, there are many specialized professions and workplaces that can be adapted to specific needs.

4. Health prevention:

   • A healthy lifestyle and disease prevention can help preserve health over the long term and expand opportunities for choosing a profession. This includes proper nutrition, regular physical activity, and attention to mental health.

5. Professions in healthcare:

   • Professions in the field of healthcare and medicine require specific training and care for the health of other people. These professions involve high responsibility and require a good understanding of medical aspects.

6. Adaptation of the work environment:

   • Some employers and professions can adapt the work environment to support workers' health. For example, providing ergonomic equipment to reduce the risk of injury.

It is important to remember that every person is unique, and the choice of profession should take into account both physical and mental health. It is recommended to consult doctors and career-guidance specialists in order to make an informed decision about choosing a profession that matches your health needs and abilities.

The "Differential Diagnostic Questionnaire" (DDQ) technique by E.A. Klimov