Lecture
A computer-based control system (CCS) is an automated system founded on the integrated use of technical, mathematical, informational and organizational resources for controlling complex technical and economic objects. A CCS is a combination of a controlled object and automatic measuring and control devices in which some of the functions are performed by a human operator.
The numerous control systems created over the thirty-year history of introducing computers into management activities differ in purpose, problem orientation, place of application, automated functions, and so on. In order to increase the cost-effectiveness of developing existing systems and designing new ones, to eliminate parallelism and duplication in research and design work, and to create standard design solutions and standard control systems, these systems have been classified.
A CCS makes it possible to solve problems of long-term and operational production planning, operational distribution of equipment load, optimal allocation of equipment and use of resources, and others. A CCS belongs to the class of human-machine systems and consists of a functional part and a supporting part.
The functional part of a CCS includes a system of models for planning, economic and managerial tasks; the supporting part includes the informational and technical bases, the mathematical software, the economic and organizational framework, and so on.
Special-purpose mathematical software includes application program packages that organize and process data in order to implement the required control functions within the framework of specific economic-mathematical and organizational models. The software of a CCS comprises a set of programs on storage media, data and program documentation intended for debugging, operating and verifying the operability of the CCS.
UML (English: Unified Modeling Language) is a unified modeling language used in the object-oriented programming paradigm. It is an integral part of the unified software development process. UML is a general-purpose language and an open standard that uses graphical notation to create an abstract model of a system, known as a UML model. UML was created for the specification, visualization, design and documentation of primarily software systems. UML is not a programming language, but code generation is possible in tools that execute UML models as interpreted code. The first version (1.0) of UML was released on 13 January 1997; it was created at the request of the Object Management Group (OMG), the organization responsible for adopting standards in the field of object technologies and databases. After discussion, in September 1997 version 1.1 of UML was submitted to a vote at the OMG. The development of UML was supported and already adopted as a standard by such giants of the information technology market as Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Oracle, DEC, Sybase, Logic Works and others.
UML can be applied at every stage of the life cycle of business system analysis and application development. The various kinds of diagrams supported by UML, together with a rich set of capabilities for representing particular aspects of a system, make UML a universal means of describing both software and business systems. Diagrams make it possible to present a system (both a business system and a software one) in a form that can easily be translated into program code.
The main reason for using UML is communication among developers themselves.
In addition, UML was specifically created to optimize the software development process, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of implementation several times over and to significantly improve the quality of the final product.
UML has proven itself excellently in many successful software projects. Automatic code generation tools make it possible to turn UML models into source code in object-oriented programming languages, which speeds up the development process even further.
Practically all CASE tools (programs that automate the analysis and design process) provide support for UML. Models developed in UML make it possible to greatly simplify the coding process and to direct programmers' efforts straight to implementing the system.
Diagrams improve the maintainability of a project and make it easier to produce documentation.
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