51 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Social psychology (SP) is a branch of psychology that studies the patterns of people's behavior and activities, which is caused by their entry into social groups, including the psychological characteristics of the groups themselves. For a long time, the socio-psychological views were studied in the framework of various philosophies. Parts of social psychology evolved within various sciences — in sociology, anthropology, psychology, ethnography, and others. In the second half of the nineteenth century. attempts were made to develop an independent social and psychological industry. The emergence of a joint venture as an independent discipline occurred in 1908. At that time, the works of the American sociologist E. Ross and the English psychologist William McDougal appeared simultaneously, the term “SP” was used in its content. The main problems of the modern joint venture are: general issues of theory, history and methodology of the joint venture, patterns of interaction and communication of people, various characteristics of large social groups; psychological problems of small social groups, as well as the study of personality. Currently, there is an active development of a practical joint venture, which is focused on solving important problems of social actors in the field of education, economics, politics, etc. studying the role of culture in the psychological life of society. KIP focuses attention on the global problem of the role of culture in psychological development at the stage of both phylogenesis and ontogenesis. The TRC made a fruitful attempt to return to the life and cultural context those psychological functions that were pulled out of it by classical experimental psychology. It can be interpreted as a new and logical stage in the development of psychology.

M. Cole dealt with issues of instrumentation, dedicated his book to her. He considered KIP the science of the future, but, as experience shows, it is also a science of the past. Moreover, it was the source of practical psychology, which governed the behavior and activities of people and arose much earlier than scientific psychology. TRC is the return of psychology to cultural origins. The KIP in Hegel's interpretation is understood as the search for a path from an abstract concept to a concrete, and then the reproduction of a concrete in the process of thinking. An activity approach in psychology has emerged inside the TRC, thanks to which numerous ideas of the TRC have been developed. In the future, contacts are outlined that combine instrumentation and cognitive psychology, continuing analytical work that began in classical psychology and leads to a holistic understanding of the human psyche.