70 PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTALLATION

It defines readiness for psychological activity and may be different, it is a dependent concept: from a person and a period of time, spiritual motivation, expectation, belief, inclination, which affects not only a specific attitude to various objects, facts, events, opinions, but also before just on the way in which these phenomena appear, that is, their realization in the world of perceptions.

A psychological attitude is a definite state which, while not being the content of consciousness, meanwhile has a significant influence on its work. In this case, the present state of affairs could be defined as follows: representations and thoughts, emotions and feelings, acts of volitional decisions are the contents of conscious mental life, and when these mental manifestations begin to act, they are necessarily accompanied by consciousness. Consciousness means thinking and imagining, experiencing certain emotions and performing volitional acts. For the installation to occur, two conditions are necessary: ​​the existing need of the subject and the situation leading to its satisfaction. If both of these conditions are present, then the subject will have an attitude toward activity. A certain state of consciousness and its corresponding content is formed only on the basis of this installation. Thus, it is necessary to accurately distinguish, on the one hand, the specific installation, and on the other - the specific content of consciousness. Installation does not constitute anything definite from this content, and therefore it is impossible to characterize it in terms of the phenomena of consciousness.

Distinguish between internal settings that are due to needs, focus of attention, as well as installations caused by certain external events: objective and subjective installations. At an intermediate position are attitudes that have arisen as a result of past experience, having a connection with this subject, and preserved for a long period of time (hostility, friendship, trust, respect, etc.).

A psychological attitude is a relationship between a contemplating person and objects, in which certain reactions occur not only upon repeated exposure, but also in the case when they are expected to occur, which can be indicated by various signals of foreshadowing. When studying the psychological setting, it is advisable to observe a large period of time.

To do this, you need to fix it to a certain extent, which is achieved with repeated exposure to stimuli. Such experiments are called fixing or installation, and the installation, which arose as a result of these experiments, is a fixed psychological installation.