47 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ASSOCIATIONS AND MEMORY

Initial research aspirations were undertaken by F. Galton and V. Wundt at the same time. Experiments F. Galton related to the establishment of the time of associative processes, as well as meaningful composition of associations. The study of associations has become a prerequisite for hoofed memory comprehension. G. Ebbingauz - one of the researchers of associations and memory.

For the study of the memory of G. Ebbingauz three ways of memorization were identified:

1) the method of deep memorization consisted in the repeated reproduction of large rows of syllables until their complete, unmistakable repetition;

2) the economy method allowed revealing the extent to which each new reproduction has a facilitating effect on the unmistakable repetition of a number of syllables previously memorized.

3) the correction method implies the use of a hint when the subject is interrupted or allowed an error. The quantitative criteria were the number of reproductions, the total time spent on learning a deep series of syllables, the number of errors, corrections or prompts. G. Ebbingauz defined a number of patterns of memory activity. It was found that the complexity of memorization is proportional to the volume, the number of memorized is compressed. Decreasing the speed of learning can lead to an increase in the total time needed

for deep reproduction, i.e., to learn the material more efficiently more quickly. Shortly after the experiments of G. Ebbinghaus, memory began to be studied in practically all psychological laboratories of the world. Attracting methods to new tasks of study, their penetration into special branches of psychology led to various restructuring of the initial methods of studying memory. M. Muller and R. Schumann relocated the subject and person to different rooms, which increased the reliability and accuracy of the experimental data. They introduced a new method of studying memory - the guessing method (M. Muller and F. Pelzener).

E. Meiman - the founder of the experimental study of semantic memory. He observed that thinking plays a significant role in memory processes. The participation of representations and sensory images in mental functions leads to their essential transformation. E. Mei-man determined the goal to create such rows for memorization, which would be easy for their numerical separation.

He accomplished the task of identifying the impact of the meaning of words and communication using first the rows of rhymed syllables, then the rows of words united in meaning. Memory displays memorized material in a rebuilt form. Memory is not a photographic display of previous impressions associated with automatic associations. The memory reveals a tendency to unite, to generalize, behind which are concepts and thinking.