11 PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT IN THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION TO XV C

The transition to the Renaissance began in the period when the feudal culture changed to bourgeois culture. An important feature of this era, ideologists believed the revival of ancient values.

The thinkers of the Renaissance believed that it was necessary to cleanse Antique culture from its distortions by the ideologues of the Middle Ages. Literary monuments of antiquity were restored in their original form, it played a very important role in the formation of a new ideological climate.

But the achievements of antiquity were interpreted in a new way. The philosophical peak of these achievements was the teaching of Aristotle, which became one of the most important in the period of the Middle Ages. His adherents were both Muslims, and Jews, and Christians. The philosophical views of Aristotle were supported by the Catholic Church, as well as those whom it persecuted as heretics. Both those and others insisted that it was their understanding of the concept of Aristotle that was the only correct interpretation of it.

The controversy over the Aristotelian doctrine of the soul also influenced the formation of philosophical and psychological thought in the Renaissance. But the meaning and motivation of these disputes were determined not so much by Aristotelian ideas, as by social and ideological needs in the era of the crisis of feudalism and the beginning of capitalist relations. Aristotle was a symbol of free-thinking for two groups - the Alexandrists and the Averroists. The clashes of these groupings marked the beginning of filaments

Sofia wrestling in Italy, which is the main focus of the European Renaissance. The struggle with theology was marked by the emergence of pantheism. The teachings of Ibn Rushd laid the foundation for the emergence of pantheistic ideas in Italy. The environment was represented as a single animated organism, and the human body was a living particle, which had certain mental properties. This concept served as the beginning of the idea that human behavior is subject to the universal laws of nature, which is a huge mechanism, but not an organic body.

Pietro Pomponazzi rejected the Ibn Rushd amendment to the interpretation of the Aristotelian doctrine of the soul. Bernardino Telezio believed that knowledge is based on the fact that the delicate matter of the soul impresses and reproduces external influences.

One of the greatest ideologues of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci. He conducted anatomical and physiological studies that were aimed at determining the structure of the "four universal human states": joy, strife, crying and physical (labor) effort.

His treatise "On Painting" contains provisions that modern psychophysiologists could not reject. Of great importance were the anatomical experiments of the Belgian scientist Andreas Vesalius, who believed that the bearer of the psychic was "animal spirits" located in the ventricles of the brain. He wrote the book "On the structure of the human body."