40 PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE ABOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE

Subjective experience - a set of perceived human semantic, conceptual relationships.

Influencing factors on a person’s subjective experience:

1) objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. From birth, the child acquires a new practical experience, interacting with previously unknown things, reacting to certain phenomena of the surrounding world. Later, as he is formed, he gains his own experience of objective activity and reaction in circumstances similar to those of previous experience;

2) the characteristics of education and training. There is a difference between the norms and rules of communication and behavior adopted in a particular society and family. The child initially follows family semantic and ideological indications, creating his own picture of the world, and only then compares the perceived with the existing patterns in society. On the basis of differences and the emergence of self-consciousness, he makes a personal assessment in favor of certain rules of interaction with adults and peers that are important for him;

3) individuality of perception. Up to 1.5 years, perception as a cognitive process has not yet been developed. Then it develops subjectively in the process of maturation. It is this psychological factor that determines the personality differences of the characteristics of each person.

Psychology as the science of direct, individual human experience plays a special role in comparison with the frontier sciences - philosophy, physiology, sociology, medicine, pedagogy, etc. First, it is both theoretical and applied science. Secondly, unlike other sciences, it penetrates into all strata of human life.

Natural science. Agnosticism, which recognized the insolubility of actual problems (E. Du Bois-Raymond), as well as conditionalism (Fervori), rejecting the causal interpretation of phenomena, could not interpret individual experience from materialistic, practical positions.

Modern views of psychology on obtaining subjective experience are as follows:

1) the basis for obtaining individual experience in the process of life activity are: attitudes acquired at the early stages of ontogenesis, features of upbringing, subjective personality characteristics (temperament, character, abilities), cognitive field;

2) a set of certain life phenomena in which a person finds himself as a result of ontogenesis and in what ways he resolves them;

3) his self-awareness and self-esteem, picture of the world, understanding of his personal outlook on what is happening;

4) application of previous experience: patterns of behavior, modified attitudes, value orientations, manners, knowledge, skills and abilities, including false memory (conviction in the circumstances that were imagined by a person).