34 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology is closely related to biology, as the object of its research are living organisms, studies the processes of their vital activity. Due to this, it directly correlates with biochemistry and biophysics.

Physiology (from the Greek. Fisis and logos - "the science of nature") explores the mechanisms of vital activity of organs and body systems, as well as the physical and chemical processes of its manifestations. Scientists combined the study of the physical principles of mental activity with the activity of the central nervous system, the stabilizing function of the organism as a whole. Indicators of the flow of physiological processes in the body can not be carried out without the physico-chemical nature of electrical capabilities.

Such methods of fixing bioelectric energy as electroencephalography (electroencephalogram - EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), topographic mapping of electrical brain activity (CTEM), computed tomography have appeared.

The method of research of vegetative reactions is measurement of the galvanic skin reaction (GSR). In addition, methods of studying other organs and body systems have emerged:

1) EEG. The Austrian psychiatrist H. Berger in 1929 determined the probability of fixation of the biocurrents of the brain, which led to the formation of the method of fixing the bioelectric energy of the central nervous system;

2) MEG. The American researcher D. Cohen developed the first measurements of the human electromagnetic field in 1968;

3) TCEAM. The method is built to increase the effectiveness of EEG. Allows a more differentiated study of the functional states of the brain according to its immediate areas, i.e., everywhere;

4) computed tomography. The combination of X-ray and computational technology, providing more detailed descriptions of the brain;

5) KGR. At the end of the XIX century. The Frenchman K. Fere and the physiologist I. R. Tarkhanov synchronously recorded possible differences between different areas of the skin surface. The measurement of the sensory thresholds of the sensory system was organized by the French scientist P. Buger and the German psychophysicists E. Weber and G. Fechner et al.

One of the main points of physiological examinations so far is the question of determining the physicochemical principle of the functioning of a nerve cell. And here the dominant constituent is the study of chemical processes taking place in cellular structures. Academician P.K. Anokhin (1898–1974), the ancestor of the theory of functional systems of the body, determined that the molecules of the formative brain, which are responsible for eating behavior, act as chemical regulators in an adult organism. Since the mid 1870s. The central trend in the study of the physiology of behavior is a peptide. Peptides, not chemical mediators, become the beginning of the neurochemical foundation of all sorts of behaviors.