100 logic tests with answers

Introduction

The proposed test will help in the study of logic. It can be used for self-preparation, as well as - in the control and consolidation of the main classroom material. It can also be used by teachers to conduct test and test examinations for the course of logic.

The test includes 100 tasks of the closed type, which greatly speeds up the teacher's test work. The tasks cover all sections of logic and allow not only to verify that students have the required amount of knowledge, but also to assess the level of their logical culture.

The suggested answers are structured in such a way that each of them can be chosen as an unprepared student as the right one, so the test cannot be completed formally, at random choosing the appropriate answer option. For its successful implementation requires real knowledge and skills in the course of logic. Such a construction of test tasks makes them more complex, but at the same time more interesting and greatly improves the efficiency of control of students' knowledge and skills.

When evaluating test results, you can use the following system:

NUMBER OF CORRECTLY ALLOWED JOBS

100-90 EXCELLENT

89-70 GOOD

69-50 SATISFACTORY

49-0 UNSATISFACTORY

Tasks

1. Logic is:

• science of reasoning and evidence;

• the science of the rules of thinking;

• the science of forms and laws of thinking;

• science of the forms and laws of knowledge.

2. Formal logic appeared:

• in the Middle Ages;

• in antiquity;

• in New time;

• in the Renaissance.

3. Formal logic is:

• symbolic;

• Aristotelian;

• mathematical;

• modern.

4. The ancient Greek philosopher is considered the creator of logic:

• Anaksimen;

• Anaxagor;

• Antisphen;

• Pythagoras;

• Aristotle;

• Aristippus;

• Arkesilay.

5. From the point of view of formal logic, the statement: “All Snow Maidens are geometric figures”:

• is an absurdity;

• is fantastic;

• makes no sense;

• expresses an example of classic absurdity;

• built in the form: “All A is B”.

6. Mathematical or symbolic logic appeared:

• at the same time as traditional logic;

• at the beginning of our era;

• in the Middle Ages;

• in the XVII century .;

• in the XIX century;

• in the middle of the XX century.

7. Intuitive logic is:

• perfect ignorance of the laws of correct thinking, leading to any reasoning to numerous mistakes and false conclusions;

• spontaneously formed in the process of life experience knowledge of the forms and principles of correct thinking;

• theoretical knowledge remaining in a person after studying a course of logic in a school or university;

• complete distortion of theoretical logic;

• none of the above.

8. Ancient Greek philosophers who invented various methods of violating logical laws in order to prove anything, are:

• Milesians;

• Pythagoreans;

• sophists;

• Stoics;

• Epicureans;

• cynics.

9. The concept is

• word or phrase;

• form of thinking;

• true thesis;

• a certain subject.

10. Any concept has:

• value;

• volume;

• the size;

• figure.

11. Any concept is expressed in the form:

• simple sentences;

• complex sentences;

• words or phrases;

• connected text.

12. The content of the concept is:

• the totality of all objects that it covers;

• the most important features of the object that it expresses;

• the judgment in which it can be used ***;

• a word or phrase in which it is expressed;

• the object it represents.

13. The scope of the concept is a collection:

• objects covered by this concept;

• all words or phrases that can express it;

• all values ​​that can be invested in it;

• the most important features of the object that it designates;

• all reasoning in which it is used ***;

• all people who know this concept.

14. " Sun " is a concept:

• single;

• physical;

• zero;

• general;

• astronomical.

15. “ Stupidity ” is a concept:

• specific;

• distracted;

• abstract;

• negative;

• psychological.

16. “ Slut ” is a concept:

• positive;

• negative;

• neutral;

• empty;

• collective.

17. The concept of " Orion Constellation " corresponds to a logical characteristic:

• general, collective, specific, positive;

• single, collective, abstract, positive;

• single, uncooperative, concrete, positive;

• zero, collective, abstract, positive;

• single, collective, specific, negative;

• none of the above.

18. To the logical characteristic: general, collective, concrete, positive, corresponds to the concept:

• Russian team;

• family;

• Music band;

• 10 class "A";

• bouquet of roses;

• a set of colored pencils;

• all listed;

• none of the above.

19. The concept of " smart person " is:

• clear in content and sharp in volume;

• unclear in content and sharp in volume;

• clear in content and unsharp in volume;

• unclear in content and unsharp in volume;

• having no volume or content.

20. The concept of a larger volume is called:

• species;

• generic;

• zero;

• common;

• wide.

21. The concepts of " star " and " constellation " are in a relationship:

• submission;

• intersections;

• definitions;

• divisions;

• exceptions;

• Subordination.

22. Relations between concepts are depicted:

• circular schemes of Euler;

• Circular Boiler circuits;

• circular pager circuits;

• circular schemes of Aristotle.

23. Relations between the concepts of "point", "straight line", "plane", "space" are depicted by the following scheme (Fig. 42):

24. This scheme corresponds to the following group of concepts:

• famous footballer, footballer, black, Chinese;

• famous football player, famous hockey player, young man, old man;

• football player, basketball player, athlete, person;

• famous athlete, person, famous person, athlete.

25. Relations between the concepts of “ daughter ” ( A ), “ granddaughter ” ( B ), “ woman (female) ” ( C ), are depicted as follows (fig. 43):

26. The following group of concepts does not correspond to this scheme:

• fish, predator, shark;

• mammal, predator, tiger;

• representative of ancient history, autocrat, Alexander the Great;

• plant, tree, pine;

• Russian writer, famous man, Leo Tolstoy;

• higher education institution, Moscow educational institution, Moscow State University.

27. Relations between concepts: “equilateral triangle” (A), “isosceles triangle” (B), “right triangle” (C), “obtuse triangle” (D) - are represented by the following scheme (Fig. 44) (You must choose from 6 drawings one correct.):

28. Definition: “Existentialism is the philosophical direction of the twentieth century, which addresses various existential issues and problems ,” is:

• ambiguous;

• circular;

• narrow;

• wide;

• philosophical.

29. Definition: “Entropy is a thermodynamic function characterizing a part of the internal energy of a closed system that cannot be converted into mechanical work ,” is:

• logically and communicatively flawless;

• wide;

• narrow;

• tautological;

• ambiguous;

• incomprehensible to most people.

30. The division of the concept reveals it:

• content;

• form;

• sense;

• value;

• volume.

31. In the division: "People are men, women, athletes and dancers," - a mistake was made:

• jump in the division;

• quadruplication of terms;

• ambiguity;

• substitution of the base;

• hasty generalization.

32. The error intersection of the results of division, but not the substitution of the base and not a jump in the division was made in the following statement:

• Transport can be land, underground, water, air, public and private.

• Art novels are detective, fantastic, historical, love and others.

• Offers are divided into simple, complex, complex, and others.

• Educational institutions can be primary, secondary, higher, commercial or humanitarian.

• Forests are divided into coniferous, deciduous, mixed, pine and spruce.

33. A possible result of the generalization for the notion “wheel of a car” will be the concept:

• car;

• vehicle;

• huge wheel;

• product of man.

34. A possible result of the limitation for the concept of " pencil " will be the concept:

• writing;

• office supplies;

• wooden object;

• broken pencil;

• product of man.

35. The limit of the logical chain of limitation of any concept will always be any:

• zero concept;

• specific concept;

• uncollective concept;

• single concept;

• generic concept.

36. A possible result of the limitation on the notion of “ crime level ” is the concept:

• the crime;

• serious crime;

• burglary;

• high crime rate;

• criminal community;

• criminals.

37. The judgment is:

• sentence;

• unfinished thought;

• generalized concept;

• form of thinking;

• law of thinking.

38. The judgment is expressed in the form:

• a narrative sentence;

• interrogative sentence;

• incentive offer;

• phrases.

39. True or false may be:

• concept;

• judgment;

• term;

• quantifier.

40. The subject matter is called:

• essence;

• sense;

• subject;

• syllogism;

• a bunch;

• predicate.

41. Judgment: “All people are not monkeys ,” is a judgment of the form:

• A;

• B;

• C;

• D;

• E.

42. The subject and the predicate in the judgment: “All the pines are not birches ,” are in a relationship:

• intersections;

• equivalence;

• compatibility;

• incompatibility;

• opposites;

• contradictions.

43. The proposition: "There is no Angel ," is:

• relative;

• existential;

• attributive;

• conjunctive;

• religious;

• wrong.

44. Attributive is the judgment:

• Moscow was founded before St. Petersburg.

• There are eternal laws of the world.

• Aristotle lived long before Leibniz.

• Miracles do not happen.

• Man is an intelligent living being.

• Happiness is, it can not be.

45. The subject and the predicate are in relation to the intersection in the judgment:

• All planets are not stars.

• Some triangles are equilateral.

• No man is omnipotent.

• Antarctica is an ice continent.

• Some people are famous scientists.

• Some scholars are ancient Greeks.

46. ​​In the judgment: "Some Russians are Olympic champions":

• both subject and predicate are distributed;

• neither the subject nor the predicate is distributed;

• the subject is distributed, and the predicate is not distributed;

• The subject is unallocated, and the predicate is distributed.

47. The subject is distributed, and the predicate is unallocated in the judgment:

• All squares are geometric shapes.

• All squares are equilateral rectangles.

• No square is a triangle.

• Some isosceles triangles are rectangular.

• Some isosceles triangles are equilateral.

• All equilateral triangles have equal angles.

48. The term simple attributive judgment is unallocated, if in this judgment:

• we are talking about all the objects included in the scope of this term;

• we are not talking about a single object included in the scope of this term;

• we are talking about part of the objects included in the scope of this term;

• we are talking about the real existence of objects within the scope of this term;

• we are talking about the non-existence of objects within the scope of this term.

49. The opposition to the predicate for the proposition: “All sparrows are birds ,” will be the judgment:

• Some birds are sparrows.

• All non-birds are not sparrows.

• All sparrows are not birds.

• Some birds are not sparrows.

50. Judgments: “All predators are animals,” “Tigers are animals ,” are in relation:

• partial match;

• intersections;

• submission;

• unambiguity;

• equivalence.

51. If the judgment: “All people studied logic ,” is false, then the judgment: “All people did not study logic ,” is:

• true;

• false;

• wrong;

• truthful;

• undefined in truth.

52. Complicated judgment: “If you sow the wind, reap the storm ,” is:

• implication;

• sublimation;

• conjunction;

• disjunction;

• isosthened.

53. Complicated judgment: “It is nearing midnight, but there is no Herman ,” is:

• disjunction;

• equivalent;

• abstinence;

• conjunction;

• implication.

54. Judgment: “If the Sun is a triangle, then all crocodiles are flying creatures ,” is formal:

• true;

• false;

• meaningless;

• undefined;

• anti-scientific.

55. A conjunction is true only when:

• at least one of its elements is true;

• at least one of its elements is false;

• all its elements are false;

• all its elements are true;

• most of its elements are true.

56. A strict disjunction is true only when:

• all its elements are true;

• all its elements are false;

• only one of its elements is true, and the rest are false;

• only one of its elements is false, and the rest are true;

• half of its elements is true, and half is false;

• at least one of its elements is neither true nor false at the same time.

57. The result of the formalization of reasoning: “If the Earth’s speed in orbit was more than 42 km / s, then the Earth would leave the Solar System, and if its speed was less than 3 km / s, it would fall on the Sun; however, the Earth does not leave the Solar System and does not fall on the Sun, therefore, its speed is not more than 42 km / s and not less than 3 km / s , ”is one of the formulas:

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ ( a ∨ c )) → ( b ∨ d );

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ (¬ b ∨ ¬ d )) → (¬ a ∨ ¬ c );

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ (¬ a ∨ ¬ c )) → (¬ b ∨ ¬ d );

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ ( b ∨ d )) → ( a ∨ c );

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ ( a → c )) → ( b → d );

• ((( a → b ) ∧ ( c → d )) ∧ ( b → d )) → ( a →