Lecture
The most important part (subsystem) of radio-electronic information systems are RES.
Radio-electronic means are products and their components based on the principles of radio engineering and electronics. Radio systems, telecommunication systems and computing systems, as well as radio-electronic means that are part of them, may have significantly different principles of operation and schemes. At the same time, their designs and manufacturing techniques have much in common.
Radio-electronic means are designed so that in accordance with the principle of the system, i.e. with the features of its device, the necessary signal conversion with the specified quality (accuracy) is performed. The RES properties are described by tactical-technical and electrical parameters and characteristics (speed, frequency range, range, etc.), as well as by a set of design-technological, operational and economic parameters and characteristics.
Radio electronic devices are classified according to the following main features:
According to the degree of functional complexity, the following levels of disintegration of radio electronic systems are distinguished: radio-electronic systems , complexes , devices and components .
In the classification of the structural complexity of the RES is divided into funds in a modular and non- modular design . Levels of unbundling of RES in non-modular design of structural complexity include: a cabinet , a block and a cell . Levels of disaggregation of electronic equipment in a modular design of structural complexity include: electronic module ; unified electronic module ; standard electronic module ; specialized standard electronic module and modules 3 , 2 , 1, and zero level .
There are three main types of RES: analog , digital and analog-digital . Analogous devices include information on the operation of which is contained in various characteristics of the signal — form, spectrum, etc. (amplifiers, generators, analog filters, waveform and signal parameters converters, etc.).
The digital ones include devices whose working signals are encoded as numbers, usually represented in binary code as numbers 0 and 1 (triggers, counters, registers, etc.).
Nowadays, with the development of digital methods for processing analog information, the class of analog-digital devices, in which various kinds of analog-to-code, analog-to-code conversions take place, is particularly relevant.
Depending on the nature of the used wave processes, the RES can be radio engineering , optical , acoustic and combined .
Depending on the nature of the tasks to be solved, information and energy radio-electronic complexes, systems and devices are distinguished.
The tasks solved by information radio-electronic means and the corresponding scopes are listed in table 1.
| Task | Application area |
|---|---|
| extract information | navigation, location, measuring equipment, defectoscopy and introscopy, scientific research, medical equipment, criminology |
| information transfer over a distance | communication, television broadcasting, broadcasting, telemetry, building various networks |
| selective destruction (distortion) of information obtained or transmitted by an adversary | electronic jamming |
| preservation of general information capabilities in the conditions of mass use of mutually interfering means of radio electronics | provision and control of electromagnetic compatibility of RES, electronic protection of RES |
| interception and protection of information | electronic espionage (Electronic Intelligence), means of suppressing unauthorized interception devices |
| control systems | ACS, electronic automation, remote control, remote control |
| data processing | digital and analog information processing facilities |
| signal conversion | amplifiers, attenuators, converters (including sensors), modulators, demodulators |
| generation of a signal with specified characteristics | measuring equipment, musical equipment, medical equipment, scientific research |
| electronic identification and authentication | systems of state recognition, electronic lock systems - the key |
| recording and playback of information | home audio / video recording / playback, digital photography, objective monitoring |
Energy RESs include means of laser destruction (for example, ballistic missiles at the stage of acceleration using chemical lasers), laser and ultrasound surgery, laser welding, high-frequency and ultrasound therapy, high-frequency cooking, etc.
The equipment placement conditions significantly affect the appearance and operation of the distribution zone. According to the nature of the placement, single - site and multi-level radio - electronic facilities are distinguished.
According to the location of the equipment distinguish ground , surface , air , space , underwater , underground and combined RES.
According to the degree of transportability, radio electronic devices are portable (portable), portable (laboratory, household, etc.) installed on mobile objects and stationary.
In addition, radio-electronic means are classified according to the conditions of use and design features , that is, resistance to a wide range of temperature differences, vibration, etc., may be, in turn, an important requirement for the electronic environment .
Comments
To leave a comment
Design and engineering of electronic equipment
Terms: Design and engineering of electronic equipment