Tests with Answers and Answer Keys on the Topic of Psychological Counseling

tests with answers on the topic Psychological Counseling

Psychological counseling is an integral part of modern psychology and plays an important role in helping people solve their problems and achieve personal growth. It is based on the principle of empathy, professional expertise, and understanding of human experience.

These tests with answers represent a valuable tool for developing and understanding the psychological aspects of counseling. In this book, we offer you a unique opportunity to take a series of tests that will help you uncover various aspects of psychological counseling, as well as test and deepen your knowledge in this field.

Each test includes questions covering various topics, such as psychological theories, counseling methods, ethical standards, and the counseling process. It is important to note that alongside the tests, we also offer detailed answers and explanations that will help you understand each question and deepen your knowledge of psychological counseling.

Reading and taking these tests will help you not only learn more about psychological counseling, but also develop skills in critical thinking, analysis, and application of the knowledge gained. You can use these tests for self-assessment, exam preparation, or simply for enjoyment, gaining new knowledge and perspectives.

We hope that our service will become a useful resource for you and help you expand your knowledge and understanding of psychological counseling. We wish you success in taking the tests and joy from new discoveries!

single-answer choice task

1. Based on the definitions of psychological counseling, its main "features" are identified, except for:

• A) psychological counseling is one of the types of psychological assistance
• B) it has a practical, procedural character
• C) the client's life involves psychological discomfort determined by somatic and mental status
• D) the client's desire to solve the problem.

2. Psychological counseling differs from other types of psychological assistance in:

• A) a more active role of the client
• B) the psychologist taking responsibility for the outcome of the work
• C) the use of psychotherapy methods
• D) the active role of the counselor.

3. Problems in relationships with current or former relatives, psychological-pedagogical problems, and problems in relationships with children are addressed in:

• A) individual counseling
• B) marital counseling
• C) family counseling
• D) counseling on issues of children and adolescents

4. The pedagogical model of counseling includes all of the following components except:

• A) it involves assistance in raising children
• B) it is based on analyzing the situation together with the parents
• C) it defines a program of measures to correct the situation
• D) it openly regards parents as the source of children's problems

5. The gentle form of communicating a psychological conclusion involves:

• A) respect for the client's personality
• B) information is communicated with regard to ethical principles
• C) taking the child's interests into account
• D) communicating information in an accessible form, with a mandatory positive component

6. The principle of confidentiality involves:

• A) non-disclosure of information under any circumstances
• B) communicating information about the client to interested parties with regard to ethical principles
• C) taking psychological risk factors into account
• D) restricting access to information under certain indications

7. The principle of respecting personal boundaries involves:

• A) drawing on the counselor's personal experience
• B) ensuring the safety of the client and the counselor
• C) expressing personal attitudes
• D) value judgments

8. C. Rogers believed that the client is capable of "finding themselves" when the counselor creates specific conditions such as:

• A) unconditional love, psychological safety
• B) empathy, active listening, reflection
• C) empathy, unconditional acceptance, congruence
• D) authenticity, freedom of personal expression

9. A psychoanalytically oriented counselor would be interested in the prototypical situations of early childhood, except for:

• A) loss of self
• B) loss of self-love
• C) loss of meaning in life
• D) loss of love of the object
• E) loss of the love object

10. The psychological meaning of the contract between the client and the counselor consists in:

• A) the client's awareness of a specific relationship with the counselor, defined as "working"
• B) the client's awareness of the need for active work on themselves, and taking responsibility
• C) the client's awareness of the psychological essence of the presented problem
• D) the client's awareness of the need to observe agreements and maintain discipline

11. If an adolescent is late for or fails to attend a scheduled session, the counselor:

• A) has the right to work with another client
• B) waits for the adolescent for the entire duration of the session
• C) waits 15 minutes and then proceeds to other activities
• D) terminates interaction with the client who violated the contract

12. At the stage of presenting the problem and clarifying the request, the counselor is positioned as:

• A) leader
• B) listener and co-narrator
• C) mentor
• D) advisor

13. Advancing empathic listening and understanding presupposes:

• A) switching off the counselor's analysis, entering the client's world, and interacting with them from within
• B) seeing the client's subjective reality while simultaneously engaging the counselor's analysis
• C) listening to and understanding objective reality.

14. Which of the following is NOT a counselor error:

• A) filtering listening
• B) sympathizing listening
• C) evaluative listening
• D) empathic listening

15. Bipolarity techniques are used to clarify:

• A) the history of the problem
• B) internal and external situations contributing to the emergence of the problem
• C) the functional significance of the problem
• D) sensations, feelings, and emotional reactions accompanying the problem.

16. The criterion for ending counseling work is:

• A) resolution of the client's problem
• B) the client's ability to independently solve the problem
• C) the absence of acute emotional reactions to the problem
• D) the counselor's conviction that the work is complete.

17. Which of the named specialists is most likely to make the statement: "Success in changing problem behavior does not imply knowledge of its causes":

• A) a psychiatrist
• B) a psychoanalyst
• C) a pathogenetic therapist
• D) a behaviorist

18. Among the goals of using the technique of reflecting feelings does NOT include:

• A) helping the client identify their feelings
• B) encouraging them to talk about experiences related to the problem
• C) helping to reduce emotional tension
• D) demonstrating to the client the inadequacy and maladaptiveness of their feelings
• E) demonstrating empathic understanding of the client's problem
• F) creating a sense of safety in the client

19. Which statement correctly characterizes the preferability of one or another methodological approach in psychological counseling:

• A) psychological counseling is the prerogative of the humanistic approach
• B) cognitive-behavioral psychological counseling is the most effective
• C) any psychological counseling is built on the basis of psychodynamic theory
• D) the choice of methodological approach depends on the counselor's theoretical orientation and the client's preferences

20. The counselor's congruence is:

• A) correspondence of verbal manifestations to nonverbal ones
• B) correspondence of the psychologist's manifestations to the client's manifestations
• C) correspondence of internal and external manifestations
• D) mirroring the client's posture

Correct answer options

Criteria for Evaluating Test Results in the Course "Psychological Counseling"

1. In C. Rogers's definition of counseling, first place is given to:

• A) the "counseling interaction" between the client and the counselor
• B) teaching new behavior
• C) teaching problem-solving skills
• D) orientation toward the client's present and future

2. All of the following belong to the basic tenets of counseling, except:

• A) helping with choice and facilitating independent problem-solving
• B) teaching new behavior.
• C) helping personal development
• D) instilling normative attitudes and rules of behavior

3. Three basic principles are identified in the client-centered approach; find the odd one out:

• A) every person possesses unconditional worth and deserves respect as such
• B) every person is capable of being responsible for themselves
• C) every person is obligated to correct their behavior to make it socially acceptable
• D) every person has the right to choose values and goals and to make independent decisions

4. The generally accepted definition of psychological counseling in the domestic (Russian) school is:

• A) counseling is a set of procedures aimed at helping a person resolve problems and make decisions regarding professional career, marriage, family, personal development, and interpersonal relationships
• B) it is the professional relationship of a qualified counselor to the client, usually presented as a "person-to-person" relationship, although sometimes more than two people are involved
• C) counseling consists of creating conditions for a normal, mentally healthy client to become aware of unconventional ways of acting that would allow them to act in accordance with the possibilities of culture
• D) it is helping the client understand what is happening in their life space and comprehend the possibilities for achieving a set goal on the basis of conscious choice when resolving problems of an emotional and interpersonal nature

5. The goal of counseling in the psychoanalytic tradition is:

• A) correcting inadequate behavior
• B) transforming life goals
• C) reconstructing the basic personality
• D) creating a favorable climate for personal development

6. The goal of counseling in the existential approach is:

• A) to help the client become aware of their freedom and their own possibilities
• B) to eliminate a "self-destructive" approach to life
• C) to help formulate socially significant goals
• D) to encourage the client's openness

7. The pedagogical model of counseling includes all of the following components except:

• A) it involves assistance in raising children
• B) it is based on analyzing the situation together with the parents
• C) it defines a program of measures to correct the situation
• D) it openly regards the parents as the source of the children's problems

8. The effectiveness of implementing the diagnostic model of counseling depends on:

• A) the degree of development and differentiation of the system of specialized educational institutions
• B) the personal characteristics of the client's family members
• C) taking into account the circumstances of the client's life
• D) the quality of work of narrow specialists

9. The model that assumes the client's difficulties are based on illnesses or a pathological development of personality is called:

• A) psychological
• B) psychotherapeutic
• C) medical
• D) social

10. The model of psychological counseling that assumes the causes of problems lie either in intra-family communication or in the personal characteristics of family members is called:

• A) social
• B) psychological
• C) pedagogical
• D) diagnostic

11. The principle of psychological counseling that presupposes the existence of the personality as a mandatory condition:

• A) individuality of personality
• B) self-sufficiency
• C) spirituality
• D) personal freedom

12. The gentle (sparing) form of communicating a psychological conclusion presupposes:

• A) respect for the client's personality
• B) information is communicated in accordance with ethical principles
• C) taking the child's interests into account
• D) communicating information in an accessible form, with a mandatory positive component

13. The principle of refusing to give specific recommendations presupposes:

• A) refusing to formulate recommendations for the client, no matter how much they ask
• B) referral to other specialists
• C) jointly formulating a solution to the problem
• D) providing a choice of a possible solution to the problem from a range of options

14. The principle of confidentiality means:

• A) non-disclosure of information under any circumstances
• B) communicating information about the client to interested parties in accordance with ethical principles
• C) taking psychological risk factors into account
• D) restricting access to information under certain conditions

15. The principle based on uncovering all possible internal and external causes of disorders is called:

• A) the principle of stereoscopic diagnosis
• B) the principle of subtext analysis
• C) the principle of systematicity
• D) the principle of individual life-path analysis

16. The principle based on monitoring normal mental development is called:

• A) the principle of comparison with the age norm of mental development
• B) the principle of individual life path
• C) the principle of observing the client's interests
• d) the principle of systematicity in diagnostics

17. Psychological counseling differs from psychotherapy in:

• A) methods of work
• B) field of application
• C) the nature of the situations being addressed
• D) the content of the contract

18. A deep analysis of problems oriented toward unconscious processes and structural personality reorganization belongs to the following type of psychological help:

• A) psychological counseling
• B) psychocorrection
• C) psychological education
• D) psychotherapy

19. Which of the listed researchers formulated and developed the person-centered approach:

• A) A. Ellis
• B) K. Horney
• C) S. Freud
• D) C. Rogers
• E) R. May

20. Which direction in psychology does A. Beck represent:

• A) behavioral therapy
• B) cognitive therapy
• C) person-centered therapy
• D) individual psychology

21. The psychologist's responsibility to warn a potential victim about a client's aggressive intentions is most correctly defined by the statement:

• A) it is incompatible with the principle of confidentiality
• B) it is a matter of choice
• C) it is a legal duty
• D) it is stipulated in the contract as an obligation to warn

22. If one analyzes what is common among psychologists of different schools and orientations, it turns out to be:

• A) the role of empathy
• B) working with transference
• C) developing a collaborative relationship between the psychologist and the client
• D) suggestion as the basis of the effect

23. Which of the listed skills is most important for a psychologist to help them grasp the essence of the client's state:

• A) the ability to interpret the results of psychological assessment
• B) identifying the deep motives behind the state and the request for help
• C) the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood in the client's statements
• D) the ability to monitor one's own interaction with the client

24. Which of the following approaches in counseling corresponds to the short-term type:

• A) humanistic
• B) existential
• C) psychodynamic
• D) cognitive

25. An approach that uses knowledge of the behavioral sciences and technique to understand it belongs to:

• A) psychopharmacology
• B) health psychology
• C) the behavioral approach
• D) the cognitive approach

26. Which of the named approaches centers on the study of thoughts and thought processes that influence behavior:

• A) social learning theory
• B) behaviorism
• C) existential psychotherapy
• D) cognitive-behavioral therapy

27. Which of the listed approaches asserts that indirect reinforcement can influence behavior:

• A) systemic family therapy
• B) humanistic therapy
• C) psychoanalysis
• D) social learning theory

28. Which of the following approaches focuses on how human relationships and other people's attitudes influence the development of personality and mental disorders:

• A) systemic family therapy
• B) humanistic therapy
• C) psychoanalysis
• D) social learning theory

29. Representatives of which of the following orientations are interested in identifying functional links between external events and the client's behavior:

• A) psychodynamic
• B) behavioral
• C) existential
• D) cognitive

30. Which of the following psychological approaches rests on the idea that personality is inseparable from patterns of interaction and relationships with siblings, parents, children, and spouses:

• A) family
• B) psychoanalytic
• C) humanistic
• D) existential

31. Which of the listed approaches is based on the idea that human motivation is inspired by an inherent tendency to strive for self-actualization and meaning in life:

• A) psychodynamic approach
• B) humanistic approach
• C) behavioral approach
• D) cognitive approach
• E) transpersonal approach

32. Which statement correctly describes the content of the concept of progressive relaxation:

• A) prescribing the patient behaviors that increase his adaptation to the environment
• B) training skills of volitional inhibition of unwanted thoughts, experiences, and actions
• C) therapy methods based on strong stimuli that evoke an unpleasant affect in the patient
• D) teaching the patient self-help techniques used afterward for the prevention of disorders

33. To which group of methods should the method of dream analysis be assigned:

• A) psychodynamic
• B) cognitive
• C) behavioral
• D) autogenic training
• E) existential

34. To which orientation can the method of paradoxical intention be assigned based on its main characteristics:

• A) cognitive-behavioral
• B) psychoanalytic
• C) eclectic
• D) suggestive

35. To which orientation can the stage of work called the working alliance be assigned:

• A) cognitive
• B) existential
• C) psychoanalytic
• D) behavioral

36. Which of the named specialists most likely holds the view: "Success in changing problem behavior does not require knowledge of its causes":

• A) psychiatrist
• B) psychoanalyst
• C) pathogenetic therapist
• D) behaviorist

37. The contract between the counselor and the client implies:

• A) agreement on the frequency of sessions and the duration of therapy
• B) establishing informed consent regarding the goal of the work
• C) determining the cost of the work and the method of payment
• D) informed consent regarding the goal, modality, duration, cost, and mutual obligations in the course of the work

38. Unlike psychotherapy, psychological counseling pursues the following goals:

• A) fully reveal the client's personal characteristics
• B) listen to the client
• C) help the client establish a connection between the current problem and personal factors
• D) identify the connections that will help the client see themselves in a new way and cope with difficulties

39. R. May identifies four stages of psychological counseling; NOT included among them is:

• A) contact
• B) confession
• C) interpretation
• D) behavior modification
• E) personality transformation

40. Which of the statements about active listening is NOT true:

• A) reflection instead of evaluation
• B) clarification instead of disputing
• C) support instead of solving problems
• D) persuasion instead of questions

41. Which of the following is among the client barriers that require the counselor's skill to overcome them for active listening;

• A) lack of trust in the counselor
• B) very strong emotions (anger, depression, anxiety)
• C) feelings of embarrassment, shame
• D) cultural, gender, religious differences

42. NOT among the goals of paraphrasing is:

• A) changing the content of the client's statements so that they acquire a therapeutic, suggestive tone
• B) demonstrating to the client that they are being listened to and understood
• C) giving the client the opportunity to clarify how their words were understood by the counselor
• D) helping the client clarify their own thoughts and feelings
• E) encouraging a more detailed disclosure of the situation being discussed

43. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of paraphrasing:

• A) brevity
• B) limitation to matters essential from the counselor's point of view
• C) concentration on content relevant to the client
• D) introducing a suggestive element into the dialogue

44. Which statement correctly defines the reflection of the client's feelings in the counselor's work:

• A) clarification of the feelings and experiences expressed by the client
• B) the counselor's expression, through nonverbal communication, of the feelings the client is talking about
• C) verbalization of feelings not expressed by the client, which the counselor infers from nonverbal cues and features of the situation
• D) voicing the feelings that a person should have in the situation the client is describing

45. The goals of using the technique of reflecting feelings do NOT include:

• A) helping the client identify their feelings
• B) encouraging the client to talk about experiences related to the problem
• C) helping to reduce emotional tension
• D) demonstrating to the client the inadequacy and maladaptiveness of their feelings
• E) demonstrating empathic understanding of the client's problem
• F) creating a sense of safety in the client

46. Which statement correctly describes the essence of the "joining" technique:

• A) explaining to the client exactly what their feelings are connected with
• B) confirming that experiencing such feelings in a similar situation is normal
• C) a verbal skill that combines reflection of feeling with paraphrasing of content

47. The use of introductory phrases such as: "It seemed to me that... I got the impression that..." and the like:

• A) is undesirable in the counselor's work, as it emphasizes their uncertainty
• B) emphasizes the client's right to accept or not accept what the counselor has said
• C) is undesirable, as it can greatly prolong the counseling conversation

48. Which of the following is among the factors that increase the risk of suicide:

• A) experiencing loss or the breakup of a close relationship
• B) experiencing current or anticipated changes in health status or living conditions (aging, retirement, financial problems, etc.)
• C) illnesses with pronounced pain syndrome and/or loss of ability to work
• D) substance abuse or dependence
• E) depression
• F) cases of suicide in the family
• G) all of the above

49. The main directions for increasing the effectiveness of a counseling interview include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• A) expanding the range of the client's options after working with the counselor
• B) creative and joint decision-making
• C) the counselor's ability to be congruent with the client
• D) the breadth of the counselor's suggestive range

50. The content of psychological counseling is determined by:

• A) the type of conflict identified
• B) the storyline of the experiences/relationships
• C) the client's request
• D) the psychological diagnosis

51. Which statement correctly characterizes the preferability of one methodological approach or another in psychological counseling:

• A) psychological counseling is the prerogative of the humanistic approach
• B) cognitive-behavioral psychological counseling is the most effective
• C) any psychological counseling is built on the basis of psychodynamic theory
• D) the choice of methodological approach depends on the counselor's theoretical orientation and the client's preferences

52. Inner freedom, based on the ability to make decisions in a situation of choice and to carry them out, is called:

• A) intentionality
• B) identity
• C) success
• D) professionalism

53. The systemic model of counseling does not include the stage of:

• A) exploring the problem
• B) two-dimensional definition of the problem
• C) identifying alternatives
• D) ecological validation

54. The stage of critically evaluating the selected alternative solutions to the problem is called:

• A) action
• B) evaluation
• C) planning
• D) feedback

55. The stage of clarifying and openly discussing a possible solution is called:

• A) two-dimensional definition of the problem
• B) identification of alternatives
• C) exploration of the problem
• D) initial diagnosis

56. Analysis of a client's complaint does not include the component of:

• A) locus of the complaint
• B) self-diagnosis
• C) request
• D) making a diagnosis

57. Defining the problem necessarily includes:

• A) an indication of what the client would like to but cannot change
• B) a specific form of indicating the help desired
• C) a formulation of a specific indication of particular events
• D) identifying the hidden component of the complaint

58. The subject locus of a complaint does not include a complaint:

• A) about a specific person
• B) about the family situation
• C) about role behavior
• D) about oneself

59. Self-diagnosis expresses:

• A) the subtext of the complaint
• B) an explanation of the nature of some disturbance
• D) the identification of disturbances in the client's own personality
• E) the form of the complaint

60. A client's sincere interest in changing their situation is called:

• A) game orientation
• B) rent-seeking orientation
• C) working orientation
• D) business orientation

61. Three conflict zones are distinguished in the content of a complaint, except:

• A) family conflict
• B) communication disturbance
• C) intrapersonal conflicts
• D) conflicts at work or in study

62. The content of the conflict is based on:

• A) the characteristics of the child's experience of the stages of maturation of their "Self"
• B) the characteristics of behavior in a difficult situation
• C) family conflicts of behavior
• D) the style of conflict behavior

63. The behavioral style in which a person seeks to adapt to external circumstances is called:

• A) accommodative
• B) assimilative
• C) adaptive
• D) independent

64. Verbal counseling techniques do not include:

• A) summarizing what the client has said
• B) clarifying the client's statements
• C) natural gesturing
• D) adequate interpretation

65. Nonverbal counseling techniques do not include:

• A) an open posture
• B) a trusting tone of voice
• C) communicating at close distance
• D) the use of humor

66. Counseling errors include all of the above, except:

• A) moralizing
• B) persuading
• C) avoiding the topic
• D) confrontation
• E) making demands

67. During counseling it is not recommended to use the following techniques, except:

• A) smirking
• B) yawning
• C) looking away
• D) remaining silent

68. Questions that call for very short, one-word answers are called:

• A) open questions
• B) closed questions
• C) paraphrase
• D) summarizing

69. Highlighting the essence of the client's last statement in order to stimulate a deeper disclosure of the problem is called:

• A) direction
• B) open questions
• C) paraphrase
• D) empathy

70. The presentation of the psychologist's own opinion on a particular issue is called:

• A) focusing on feelings
• B) expressing one's own feelings
• C) interpretation
• D) an informational message

Correct answers

Grading criteria for test results in the course Psychological Counseling

Family Life True or False Tests with Yes and No Answers

1. Marriage is a personal interaction between spouses, regulated by moral principles.

• a) yes
• b) no

2. A nuclear family consists of a husband, a wife, and their minor children.

• a) yes
• b) no

3. The functions of the family are fixed and constant.

• a) yes
• b) no

4. The main goal of premarital communication is to please one's future spouse.

• a) yes
• b) no

5. Family stability and marital satisfaction are mutually exclusive concepts.

• a) yes
• b) no

6. The birth of a firstborn child can either strengthen or weaken a family.

• a) yes
• b) no

7. Marital satisfaction does not depend on the length of married life.

• a) yes
• b) no

8. Idealization of a partner is a factor that does not necessarily have a negative effect on future family relationships.

• a) yes
• b) no

9. Internal motivation for marriage increases the likelihood of marital success.

• a) yes
• b) no

10. Marital success is related to the length of premarital acquaintance.

• a) yes
• b) no

11. Wives with more pronounced introversion are more often happy in marriage.

• a) yes
• b) no

12. A patriarchal family structure implies the preservation of traditionally understood female and male roles and functions.

• a) yes
• b) no

13. The main cause of men's extramarital affairs is love for another woman.

• a) yes
• b) no

14. The second psychological stage of divorce is the stage of "smoldering dissatisfaction."

• a) yes
• b) no

15. Two types of remarriage are most commonly observed.

• a) yes
• b) no

16. Stepfathers get along with stepchildren much better than stepmothers do.

• a) yes
• b) no

17. Motherhood, as science has proven, is a natural instinct.

• a) yes
• b) no

18. The birth order of children in a family affects their psychological characteristics.

• a) yes
• b) no

19. Family counseling and family therapy are practically the same thing.

• a) yes
• b) no

20. Behavioral therapy does not consider it important to clarify the conditions of everyday communication.

• a) yes
• b) no

21. Cognitive family therapy seeks to restructure the system of habitual beliefs about family and marriage.

• a) yes
• b) no

Correct answers

Criteria for evaluating test results for the course "Fundamentals of Family Psychology and Family Counseling"

Additional tests on the topic of psychological counseling

1. In the problem statement "I'll show them, they'll find out who I am…" what is the leading character trait:

• a. Rigidity; *
• b. Hysteroidness;
• c. Validity
• d. Sensitivity;
• e. Phlegmaticity

2. Are verbal and nonverbal means used in the process of psychological education:

• a. No;
• b. Yes; *
• c. Only verbal;
• d. Only nonverbal

3. The client's request in the counseling process:

• a. May change as the client deepens their understanding of the causes of the problem; *
• b. Remains unchanged;
• c. Changes depending on the duration of counseling;
• d. Does not play an important role in the counseling process

4. According to V. V. Stolin, spontaneously arising client complaints are divided into:

• a. Psychosomatic and behavioral;
• b. Invented and real
• c. Subjective and objective; *
• d. Emotional and rational;

5. In what year did the American Psychological Association change the specialty "counseling and guidance" to the specialty "counseling psychology":

• a. In 1852
• b. In 2052.
• c. In 1952 *
• d. In 1752

6. A term related to resistance is:

• a. Avoidance
• b. Defense *
• c. Transference;
• d. Countertransference;

7. The horizontal plane of contact between counselor and patient

• a. Communicating on the same physical level
• b. Making eye contact during communication
• c. Drawing lines parallel to the floor
• d. Implies that the counselor and patient interact as equal partners, rather than as a hierarchical doctor-patient structure.*

See also

• [[b8828]]

See also