6. Inequivalent vocabulary (BEL) and methods of its translation

The presence of BEL is due to the socio-cultural component which is different for different nations. All words that are caused by the culture of a particular people are called culture-bound words - realities
BEL- words, realities that do not have a match in the language of translation at this stage of development
cavalery
elephantry
valet parking
The reasons for the existence of BEL.
- the lack of an object or phenomenon in the life of the people. (french windows-glass doors to a balcony.)
-No concept in the language of translation. the subject is and the words are not. (in Russian. day and English. day and night or 24 hours.)
-the difference in the languages ​​lexical-stylestich. characteristics. When sapostavlenii 2 languages. (In Russian. Developed a system of suffixes. Daughter-daughter-daughter-daughter, and in English. Tokogo no, they have less suf-ov.The capitan''s daughter.)
Is reality words and phrases. naming objects characteristic of life, life ,. culture, and history. development of one people and alien to another. Being carriers nat. the story color they usually do not have matches in other languages.
* geographic Real. (Russian. Steppe, Tundra, in English-versatile wasteland)
* reality to work, manuf. activities-and (collective farm, state farm, subbotnik). * the reality of the culture (chastushki-limiriki).
* total watered realities (province, Bolsheviks, lord, chancellor, senate, cottage, penthouse).
* life. reality (sandals, cottage, pudding, Scottish bagpipes).
* Meals (wisky, martini, scotch)
* Clothing (polo coat - sport coat; cardigan, Wellingtons)
* Transport - double-decker, cucumber - black funnels (cop car), buick
* military - (frog)
* political - speaker, the Lord Chancellor - Lord Chancellor, Prime-Minister)

There are as many realities as spheres of human activity.
The concept of "reality" is broader, because is used irrespective of the translation (dumplings), and the concept of BEL is already, because involved in the percentage of transfer.

Ways to translate BEL:
1 method of calculation: repeat. internal form ref. words or phrases. (great jury-grand jury).
2. Transcription / transliteration-transmission in the language of the sound complex. (Newton-Newton, pub-pub, realtor, merchandiser, Lord Chatterino - balobolo, The Worker - worker).
3. Analogue or associative - we look for an analogue in the language and culture of translation (amer.drugstore-English.chemist''s- pharmacy).
4. descriptive translation (explication) - (cats eyes-special road marking).