Tests with answers on the topic: Methodology and methods of psychological-pedagogical research

Lecture

The methodology of psychological and pedagogical research is a set of principles and methods that make it possible to conduct scientific research in the field of psychology and pedagogy.

tests with answers on the topic Methodology and Methods of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

SC (single-choice task)

MC (multiple-choice task)

MM (matching task)

^ 1. Match the following:

Levels of methodology	Content
1. Philosophical level	A) empirical methods
2. General scientific level	B) axiological principles
3. Specific-scientific level	C) modeling
	D) critical-constructive principle
	E) principle of a systemic approach
	F) organizational methods

2. The basic characteristics of a scientific problem do NOT include:

A) representation in scientific categories
B) empirical provability
C) theoretical validity
D) the possibility of operationalization
E) the possibility of obtaining new scientific knowledge
F) practical significance
G) implicit content of the path to its own solution

3. Match the following

1. Ascertaining hypothesis	A) an assumption about a cause-and-effect relationship between phenomena
2. Correlational hypothesis	B) an assumption about the presence of a relationship
3. Causal hypothesis	C) an assumption about the existence of a phenomenon

4. A time-series study, in which the researcher is interested in the dynamics of a correlational relationship between phenomena over a certain period of time, is:

A) multivariate correlational study
B) structural correlational study
C) comparison of two groups
D) longitudinal correlational study

5. Factors that threaten the internal validity of an experiment are:

A) natural development, maturation
B) measurement error
C) reactive effect
D) interference of influences

6. According to B. G. Ananyev, the interpretive methods include:

A) comparative
B) longitudinal
C) complex
D) genetic
E) structural

7. The effect based on the mechanisms of suggestion and self-suggestion: if participants believe that the psychologist's actions are improving their condition, this actually occurs — this is called:

A) the Hawthorne effect
B) the Pygmalion effect
C) the placebo effect
D) the facilitation effect

8. A variable of a complex nature, the parameters of which act as arguments, while the actual dependent variable acts as a function, is:

A) a multidimensional DV
B) a one-dimensional DV
C) a fundamental DV

9. According to A. A. Ershov, the typical observation errors do NOT include:

A) correlation error
B) halo effect
C) leniency effect
D) facilitation effect
E) central tendency error

10. The basic characteristics of a dependent variable do NOT include:

A) reliability
B) validity
C) representativeness
D) sensitivity

11. Match the following

1. Nominal scale	A) the scale determines the magnitude of differences between objects in the manifestation of properties; belongs to metric scales
2. Ordinal scale	B) numerical values are assigned to objects such that proportionality is maintained between the numbers and the objects
3. Interval scale	C) scales intended to divide a set of characteristics into elements connected by a «greater-than/less-than» relationship
4. Ratio scale	D) the scale establishes the correspondence of a characteristic to one class or another

12. Which methods are based on the principle of orientation toward the unique in the structure and organization of personality, where personality is viewed as a system of interconnected processes rather than a list of abilities or traits:

A) semantic differential technique
B) analysis of variance
C) projective technique
D) repertory grids

13. Studies whose purpose is to refute an existing theory, hypothesis, or regularity are called

A) critical
B) clarifying
C) exploratory
D) replicating

14. This is discussed on the website https://intellect.icu. A scientific standard, an approach to the study of reality generally recognized at a certain stage of the development of science, is called:

A) methodology
B) law
C) theory
D) paradigm

15. L. Frank's classification of projective techniques does NOT include:

A) constitutive
B) constructive
C) cathartic
D) similative
E) interpretive
F) attributive
G) refractive
H) expressive
I) impressive
J) additive

16. Scientific research aimed at understanding reality without regard to practical application is called:

A) analytical
B) critical
C) fundamental
D) theoretical

17. A type of experiment in which only one condition is changed while all others are controlled is:

A) natural experiment
B) real experiment
C) ideal experiment
D) exploratory experiment

18. Complete the diagram using the answers provided

Structure of scientific research:	I - ? Research technique
A) technique
B) methodology	II - ? Way of organizing research
C) principles
D) method	III - ? System of research principles
E) experiment
F) research

19. Complete the diagram using the answers provided

Structure of a theory:
A) core theoretical knowledge	Statements, regularities, theories, laws I - ?
B) methodology
C) principles
D) basis of the theory	Hypotheses, postulates, axioms II - ?
E) initial empirical basis of the theory
F) experiment	Empirical regularities, facts III - ?
G) logic of the theory
H) scientific paradigm	Rules of logical inference IV - ?
I) research strategy

^ 20. Fill in the blanks in the definitions:

The methodology of science is a system of principles for constructing and ways of organizing ____?___

A) experiment
B) psychology
C) scientific research
D) the path of cognition

21. Fill in the blanks in the definitions:

Empirical methods of psychological research (from the Greek empeiria - ___I -?____) — a set of ways and techniques for studying mental phenomena, processes, and states, based on a _____II -?_____ way of cognition.

A) practical-experiential
B) scientific research
C) experience
D) psychological
E) research

22. Fill in the blanks in the definitions:

Theory (from the Greek theoria - ____I -?___) is the highest form of ___II -?___ as a logically ordered system of knowledge and ideas about a part of reality.

A) path of cognition	B) observation, contemplation, research
C) psychology	D) scientific knowledge
E) methodology

^ 23. Fill in the blanks in the definitions:

Experimental plan (Eng. design - ___I -?___) — the tactics of experimental research, embodied in a specific system of experiment-planning operations. The main criteria for classifying plans are the following: II -?__,

III - ?__, the method or approach to collecting experimental data, the place and conditions of conducting the experiment, the features of organizing the experimental influence and control over it, etc.

A) project, design concept	B) idea, strategy
C) number of groups	D) number of experimenters
E) number of dependent variables	F) number of independent variables and their variants of manifestation

24. The signs of scientific observation do NOT include:

A) systematicity
B) completeness
C) methodicalness
D) purposefulness
E) analyticity

25. Scientific psychological research cannot be carried out at the level of:

A) theoretical
B) methodical
C) empirical
D) philosophical-methodological

26. The main methodological principles do NOT include:

A) the principle of determinism
B) the principle of the unity of consciousness and self-awareness
C) the principle of objectivity
D) the principle of the validity of scientific conclusions

27. Scientific problems do NOT need to satisfy the following requirements:

A) relevance
B) novelty
C) accessibility
D) theoretical significance
E) practical significance

28. What types of research are being described in the definitions below?

1. research that involves selecting and studying literature, the results of which lead to a thorough analysis of currently available information.

2. research consisting of a review and critical analysis of the literature and the author's own theoretical assumptions, aimed at solving a stated problem.

A) empirical-explanatory
B) exploratory
C) review-analytical
D) review-critical
E) methodical

29. Identify the type of observation:

1. the fact that the observer is present is known to the subject _________

2. the observer enters the situation and records it_______

3. the observer studies materials collected by other people_________

4. units of observation are identified and a form for recording results is defined_________

A) participant
B) overt
C) direct
D) standardized
E) ideal
F) indirect

30. Match the following:

1. Goal of scientific activity	A) a fragment of objective reality that can be studied by various methods
2. Result of scientific activity	B) the presence of an experimental method
3. Criterion of science	C) the discovery of laws
4. Object of science	D) a viewpoint on the object specific to a given science
5. Subject of science	E) construction of testable models of reality

^ Correct answer options

Question No.	Option 1	Points
1	1- B,D; 2- C,E; 3- A,F	1
2	B; C	1
3	1-C; 2-B; 3-A	1
4	D	1
5	A; B	1
6	D; E	1
7	C	1
8	C	1
9	D	1
10	C	1
11	1-D; 2-C; 3-A; 4-B	1
12	C	1
13	A	1
14	D	1
15	D; F	1
16	C	1
17	D	1
18	^ I- A; II- D; III-B	1
19	I- A; II- D; III- E; IV-G	1
20	C	1
21	I- C; II- A	1
22	I- B; II- D	1
23	^ I- A; II- C III-F	1
24	B	1
25	B	1
26	B	1
27	C	1
28	1- C; 2- D	1
29	1- B; 2- A; 3- F; 4-D	1
30	1- E; 2- C; 3- B; 4- A; 5- D	1

^ Criteria for evaluating test results for the course Methodology and Methods of Psychological and Pedagogical Research

Points	Performance (% correct answers)	Grade
from 25 to 30	from 100 to 86 %	5
from 19 to 24	from 85 to 70 %	4
from 15 to 18	from 69 to 51 %	3
less than 15	less than 50 %	2

The main methodological approaches in psychological and pedagogical research are:

The empirical approach — based on observing and measuring facts and phenomena, as well as analyzing and interpreting them. Within this approach, methods such as observation, surveys, experiments, and others are used.
The theoretical approach — based on the theoretical analysis and generalization of knowledge obtained during research, as well as on the development of new theoretical models. In this case, methods of literature analysis, reviews, theoretical constructs, and others are used.
The comprehensive approach — based on the combined use of empirical and theoretical approaches to obtain a more complete and objective picture of the phenomena being studied. Within this approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used.

The main methods of psychological and pedagogical research include:

Observation — direct observation of the behavior and activity of the research object. Observation can be structured or unstructured, short-term or long-term, and can be carried out under natural conditions or under conditions specially created for it.
Experiment — a method in which certain conditions are controlled and altered during the research in order to identify cause-and-effect relationships between the phenomena being studied.
Survey — a method in which, using a questionnaire or interview, the opinions, beliefs, knowledge, and other psychological characteristics of the research object are studied.
Testing — a method in which specially developed tests are used to assess various psychological characteristics of the research object, such as intelligence, personality traits, motivation, emotional stability, etc.
The method of group discussions — a method in which a group of people discusses a particular problem or question related to the research object, in order to gather different points of view and opinions.
The method of document analysis — a method in which various documents (reports, diaries, records, etc.) related to the research object are studied, in order to identify certain psychological and pedagogical characteristics.
The modeling method — a method in which a particular model or situation related to the research object is created, in order to identify certain psychological and pedagogical characteristics of it.

Depending on the specific objectives of the research, various combinations of methodological approaches and research methods are used.

Tests with answers on the topic: Methodology and methods of psychological-pedagogical research

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