Lecture
The Constitution of the World Health Organization states:
«Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity».
Health care is a field of state activity whose purpose is to organize and provide accessible medical services to the population and to preserve and improve its level of health
Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Yu. P. Lisitsyn
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Minzdrav of Russia) is a federal executive body that carries out functions related to the formulation of state policy and legal and regulatory oversight in the fields of health care, the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, the circulation of medicines and medical devices, as well as medical science and education.
The Ministry of Health of Russia ensures the implementation of national programmes and strategies aimed at protecting citizens' health, improving the quality and accessibility of medical care, and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Its powers include cooperation with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) for the purpose of exchanging experience and introducing advanced medical practices.
The Ministry of Health of Russia plays a key role in shaping state policy in the field of health care. The ministry's principal functions include:
Developing and implementing federal laws, regulations and programmes aimed at improving the health of the population.
Establishing standards and norms for the provision of medical care.
Licensing medical activity and monitoring its quality.
Regulating the prices of essential medicines.
Organizing measures for disease prevention and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
Introducing modern technologies and innovative treatment methods into medical practice.
Health care administration in Russia has deep historical roots. The first forms of state organization of medicine appeared in the seventeenth century, when the Apothecary Chancery was established, responsible for the medical provision of the royal court and the army.
During the period of the Russian Empire, the development of health care was linked to reforms aimed at creating a network of hospitals, training physicians and providing sanitary education. Substantial changes occurred in the Soviet period, when a system of state medicine was introduced, based on the principles of universal accessibility and free medical care.
With the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy, the modernization of the health care system began. In the 2010s, national projects such as "Health" and "Demography" were implemented, aimed at improving the demographic situation and raising the quality of medical services.
The health care administration system in Russia comprises the federal, regional and municipal levels:
The federal level is represented by the Ministry of Health of Russia, which develops strategic programmes and regulatory acts.
The regional level includes the ministries and departments of health of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which adapt federal initiatives to local conditions.
The municipal level is responsible for organizing the work of outpatient clinics, hospitals and other local health care institutions.
In addition, a significant role is played by institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Health, such as research institutes, medical universities and organizations engaged in monitoring and supervision in the field of health care.
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The health care system of the Russian Federation comprises state, municipal and private treatment and prevention institutions, research and educational medical institutions, pharmaceutical and pharmacy enterprises and other organizations, and centres of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in districts and
cities.
The structure of the administrative system for health care includes the following elements: the subject, the object and the relations between them.
The principal tasks of administration in the field of health care are:
Ensuring the accessibility and quality of medical care for all citizens.
Promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing disease.
Developing and implementing programmes to reduce mortality and increase life expectancy.
Monitoring the sanitary and epidemiological situation and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
Training qualified medical personnel and raising their professional level.
Administrative functions include:
Planning and financing programmes in the field of health care.
Monitoring compliance with the standards and norms of medical care.
Analysing statistical data and monitoring the health of the population.
Integrating innovative technologies and treatment methods into the health care system.
Health care administration in Russia continues to develop, reflecting changes in the socio-economic situation and in scientific and technological progress. Its principal aim remains the preservation and improvement of the health of the population as one of the key factors in the country's sustainable development.
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