Lecture
Under Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, defence falls within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.
National defence as an object of administration is the field of social relations arising in the course of the activity of the state and public organisations in providing for military defence, including the use of the Armed Forces in the event of military attack.
Outline
The administration of the defence of the Russian Federation rests on an organisational and legal system that provides for the implementation of state policy in the field of defence. It is founded on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions and directives of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the regulations of the Ministry of Defence. The principal aims of the system of administration are to organise the defence of the state, ensure national security, and maintain the combat readiness of the Armed Forces.
The bodies governing defence include:
The President of the Russian Federation — Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, who determines the main directions of defence policy.
The Security Council of the Russian Federation — a coordinating body that develops measures to protect national interests.
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation — the principal executive authority responsible for the planning, organisation, and administration of defence activity.
The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation — the central body of military command, which exercises operational leadership.
Fig. the system of administration in defence
The principal powers of administration in the field of national defence are vested in the President of the Russian Federation by the Constitution, the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation", and the Federal Law "On Defence".
Powers of the President of the Russian Federation:
The military service obligation of citizens of the Russian Federation comprises:
Initial registration for military service.
Mandatory preparation for military service.
Conscription into military service.
The performance of military service.
Membership of the reserve.
Call-up for military training exercises.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are manned on a mixed basis: through the conscription of citizens into compulsory service and through contracts concluded with service personnel. The performance of military service is governed by the Federal Law "On Military Service Obligation and Military Service" and by the internal regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation organises and directs defence policy, military development, combat training, and the provisioning of the Armed Forces. Its structure includes various departments responsible for specific areas of activity, as well as the General Staff.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation comprise three principal branches:
The Ground Forces — intended for the conduct of combat operations on land.
The Aerospace Forces — responsible for defending the country's airspace and delivering strikes from the air.
The Navy — provides for the security of the country's maritime borders and for strategic deterrence.
In addition, the structure of the Armed Forces includes the Strategic Missile Forces, the Airborne Forces, and other special units.
Military commissariats are territorial bodies of military administration responsible for maintaining records of those liable for military service and for organising conscription, mobilisation, and the preparation of citizens for military service. They work with executive authorities, educational institutions, and enterprises.
Fig. structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The conscription of citizens into military service is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and takes the following forms:
Compulsory conscription — for male citizens between the ages of 18 and 27.
Recruitment into contract service — the voluntary enlistment of professional service personnel.
Mobilisation call-up — in the event that martial law or extraordinary circumstances are declared.
The conscription process is organised by the military commissariats together with local authorities and includes a medical examination, professional and psychological screening, and preparation for service.
The administration of the defence of the Russian Federation is a complex system encompassing the regulatory framework, the governing bodies, and the mechanism for manning the forces and performing military service. The clear organisation of all elements of the system helps to ensure the country's defence capability and security.
Relations in the field of defence are governed by:
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