Lecture
The organizational and legal system of administration. Administrative bodies in the field of national security. The powers and functions of the federal security service bodies. The Security Council of Russia. The Federal Security Service of Russia. The rights of the federal security service bodies. Personnel of the federal security service bodies.
The administration of security in the Russian Federation rests on a clearly regulated organizational and legal system. It comprises a body of regulatory legal acts, state institutions, and mechanisms for their interaction, aimed at ensuring the security of the state, society, and the individual. The foundation of the system consists of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, presidential decrees, and government resolutions governing the conduct of state bodies in the sphere of national security.
A key role in ensuring national security is played by public authorities, among them:
The President of the Russian Federation — the highest official, who determines the national security strategy and coordinates the actions of all state bodies.
The Security Council of the Russian Federation — a consultative body that develops the key policy directions in the field of security.
The Government of the Russian Federation — implements state policy across the various dimensions of security, including its economic, environmental, and informational components.
Federal executive authorities, including the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Defence, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) plays the leading role in the security system. The FSB's principal powers and functions include:
Counterintelligence activity — detecting, preventing, and suppressing intelligence and other activity by foreign special services.
Counterterrorism — the prevention, suppression, and elimination of terrorist acts.
Protection of state secrets — safeguarding information constituting a state secret and controlling its use.
Combating crime — detecting and suppressing crimes that pose a threat to national security.
Ensuring information security — protecting critical information infrastructure from cyber threats.
The Security Council of the Russian Federation is the key body for strategic planning and for coordinating efforts to ensure national security. Its principal tasks are:
Developing concepts, strategies, and programmes in the field of security.
Assessing current and potential threats to national security.
Coordinating the actions of federal authorities in emergency situations.
The Council is chaired by the President of the Russian Federation, and its permanent members are key ministers and heads of government agencies.
The Federal Security Service is a specialized executive authority engaged in implementing state policy in the field of security. The FSB's activity is governed by the Federal Law "On the Federal Security Service". The organization has an extensive structure comprising a central apparatus, territorial bodies, and special-purpose units.
The FSB possesses broad powers, among them:
Conducting operational investigative measures.
Obtaining, from various sources, the information required to carry out its tasks.
Engaging citizens and organizations in cooperation on a voluntary basis.
Using special equipment and weapons within the limits of the law.
Participating in the drafting and implementation of international treaties in the field of security.
The FSB's personnel policy is aimed at attracting highly qualified professionals. Particular attention is paid to:
The selection of candidates on the basis of their professional, moral, and psychological qualities.
The training and retraining of personnel at specialized educational institutions.
Maintaining confidentiality and protecting officers' personal data.
Enhancing the level of social protection for officers and members of their families.
Thus, the administration of security in Russia constitutes a complex, multifaceted system whose functioning is ensured by the interaction of state structures at every level.
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