Lecture
Это окончание невероятной информации про безусловный базовый доход.
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From January 2008 to December 2009, the residents of Omitara and Otjivero (about 1,000 people) received 100 Namibian dollars a month. The pilot project was organised by the BIG Coalition (Basic Income Grant Coalition). All residents under the age of 60 received a basic income grant of 100 Namibian dollars per person per month without any conditions. The grant was provided to every person registered as living there in July 2007, regardless of their social and economic position.
After the pilot project ended, a monthly allowance of 80 Namibian dollars was paid regularly to everyone who had taken part in the pilot project until March 2012.
The pilot project's results demonstrated its effectiveness in combating poverty, stimulating social development and accelerating local economic development. The pilot's impact was striking: poverty rates and child malnutrition fell sharply, while school attendance rose and use of the local clinic increased. In addition, economic activity grew considerably and the crime rate fell.[attribution needed]
In 2017, a number of Dutch municipalities received government permission to run an experimental unconditional income programme.
In Mongolia, UBI was paid to all citizens in 2010–2012. The UBI took the form of a resource dividend, that is, it was intended that the source of funding would be revenues from the sale of natural resources. In the 2008 elections, politicians promised payments of 1–1.5 million MNT ($1,283) per person per year. But the global financial crisis of 2008 followed and resource prices fell. As a result, UBI payments were delayed and the amounts turned out to be considerably smaller than promised. In 2010 the UBI was paid at 10,000 MNT ($7) a month, and from January 2011 to June 2012 at 21,000 MNT ($17) a month per person.
In mid-2012 the UBI programme lost public support and was reformatted, with preference given to stimulating economic growth through infrastructure projects.
The UBI programme did achieve some significant results: it reduced poverty by almost a third and lowered inequality. There was a positive effect on accountability, with citizens holding the government to account and demanding that it keep its promises; delays in UBI payments prompted protests.
A drawback of the programme was the growth of government external debt — it rose from 31% of GDP in 2010 to 48% in 2012.
In November 2025, the authorities of the Marshall Islands introduced an unconditional basic income programme under which all citizens residing in the country receive about 200 US dollars each quarter. The programme is funded by a trust established under an agreement with the US, one of whose purposes is compensation for the nuclear tests conducted by the US in the Marshall Islands.
Between 1970 and 1980, four experiments lasting from three to five years were conducted in the United States. The participants were low-income residents of various ethnic backgrounds. The share of people who left work averaged 17% among women and 7% among men. It was noted that people mostly stopped working in order to study; the number of divorces also increased (presumably because many had been held together by need and by family welfare programmes).
In the state of Alaska, since 1982 part of the revenues of the Alaska Permanent Fund, built up from oil revenues, has been distributed among all residents of the state in the form of dividends. The dividends amount to approximately 10% of average income over the previous five years and are spread evenly across the years. The nominal size of the dividend was low — $331 per person in 1984. Since 1996 it has generally exceeded $1,000, peaking in 2015 at $2,072. To receive the payments, one must have lived in Alaska for at least 12 months.
In 2016, the IT incubator Y Combinator announced the launch of an experimental programme providing an unconditional income. The project was expected to run in Oakland for 6 to 12 months with up to 100 participants. If the pilot study succeeded, Y Combinator would use the findings to launch a longer-term programme.
From 2017, 50 families in the area of the Ugandan town of Fort Portal will receive 8.6 US dollars a week (the subsistence minimum for one adult and two children) for two years[74
Ukraine's first start-up pilot project paying a basic income took place in June 2019. The organiser was Oleksandr Solovyov (a philanthropist and member of the Basic Income Earth Network, BIEN). The basic income was paid monthly by bank transfer to participants' bank cards without any conditions over 3 months in two Ukrainian oblasts: Dnipropetrovsk (the town of Pavlohrad, the villages of Mezhyrichi and Dubovyky) and Cherkasy (the village of Podilske). There were 10 recipients. The basic income was paid in an amount equivalent to 50 US dollars per person per month. The source of funding was private donations. Anonymous surveys of the pilot's participants were conducted at the beginning and the end of the start-up project. The study examined the effect of basic income on recipients' welfare and their mental and physical health. The pilot project showed that the basic income payments were of great importance to the participants. The survey results established that recipients spent the basic income payments on paying for medical treatment, improving their diet, repaying debts, buying clothes and shoes, education, the internet, and a trip to the seaside with their children. The basic income payments had a positive effect on recipients' physical and mental health and increased their trust in people and in public institutions. Earlier (in November 2018) the authorities of the city of Pavlohrad had announced a large-scale basic income pilot project for 2019 (upwards of 2,000 participants, payments from 100 euros, over 2 years). The organiser was forced to change the project's parameters after the municipal authorities withdrew from the preliminary agreements.[
The Alaska Permanent Fund in the United States provides a kind of annual basic income, based on the state's oil and gas revenues, to almost all residents of the state. More precisely, the fund resembles a sovereign wealth fund, investing resource revenues in bonds, shares and other conservative investment options with the aim of generating a renewable income for future generations. The fund has had a noticeable but diminishing effect in reducing poverty among Alaska's rural Indigenous population, especially among the elderly. However, the size of the payment is insufficient to cover basic expenses, averaging 1,600 dollars a year per resident in 2019 prices (as of 2019 it had never exceeded 2,100 dollars), and it is not a fixed, guaranteed amount. For these reasons it is not always considered a basic income. Some, however, regard it as the only example of a genuine basic income.
Macau's wealth distribution scheme provides an annual basic income to permanent residents, funded by revenues from the city's casinos. However, the sum paid is insufficient to cover basic living costs, so it is not considered a basic income.
Bolsa Família is a large social welfare programme in Brazil that provides money to many low-income families in the country. The system is related to basic income, but has more conditions — for example, it requires recipients to keep their children in school until graduation. As of March 2020, the programme covers 13.8 million families and pays an average of 34 dollars a month in a country where the minimum wage is 190 dollars a month.
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) opened Harrah's Cherokee Casino in 1997, and this created jobs and income for the tribe, providing funds that the EBCI directs towards the education, welfare and culture of its people. Each tribal member is paid an annual income, which started at 500 dollars and had risen to 10,000 dollars as of 2015. [ better source needed ]
Часть 1 Unconditional basic income
Часть 2 Comparable payments - Unconditional basic income
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