34. high-quality US newspaper in the first half of 19 in

By the beginning of the XIX century. There are significant changes in US journalism. The main one was to end the period of “personal journalism”. Now the publication of the newspaper becomes the work of a whole team of journalists of various specialties. Over the next decades, there is a gradual separation of the functions of the publisher and the chief editor. The editor-in-chief becomes, as a rule, an employee, and the publisher is a wealthy person or company.

The collection system is changing. If earlier newspapers had to be content with rumors, information from other newspapers, other, in fact, random sources, then at the beginning of the XIX century. they use the services of their reporters and special correspondents, including European ones. Journalists sought to speed up the delivery of news to the publisher. For this purpose, postal pigeons were used most often, rather than regular mail, although reliable, but not too hasty. The richest and most influential newspapers could afford to fork out on high-speed schooners and horse races between major cities for the speedy delivery of news.

By the beginning of the XIX century. In all of the main centers of the Atlantic coast, daily newspapers have taken the lead in informing the public through the channels of journalism. Usually a daily newspaper came out on four pages. In the middle of the XIX century. began to appear eight-lane daily newspapers. With a dramatically increased format, the number of columns on the page increased to four or five. The first and last pages, that is, almost half the volume of a newspaper, were usually occupied by advertisements, consisting of small advertisements of several lines each. About 10-15 such ads could fit in one column, costing advertisers an average of 40-50 cents. Placing illustrated ads of a large size in those days was not practiced. Most often goods, ship transport services, theatrical performances were advertised. Among the new types of advertising should be noted advertising exchanges and insurance companies.

In 1841, Volney Palmer and John Hooper created the first advertising agency in America. Others followed their example. At first, the activities of advertising agencies were limited to the mediation between advertisers and print media.

The second and third pages were occupied by informational and analytical materials, often grouped in rubrics.

The layout of the newspaper over the century has hardly changed: as in the beginning of the 18th century, the materials were printed in vertical sequence, from column to column, which still excluded the possibility of catchy headlines extending beyond one column.

From the very beginning, US journalism developed in a decentralized way. The local press has always played a key role in it. However, the most important economic, cultural and journalistic center of the country since the beginning of the XIX century. becomes new york. This rapidly growing city with a population of 200,000 in the 1830s, with numerous banks, offices, theaters and publishing houses, played the role of an experimental laboratory, where everything new was tested in journalism, which was later adopted by publishers in other cities.

Among the most influential New York daily newspapers should be called the Journal of Commerce, founded in 1827. The beginning of the publication was unsuccessful, but things got better when it was bought by the company of New York merchants. The Journal of Commerce has become an influential financial and economic newspaper in the rapidly growing center of American business. It was this newspaper that first acquired a high-speed schooner, and in 1833 organized the first horse-drawn baton Philadelphia — New York.

As the daily press develops, the information functions of the weekly newspapers gradually fade into the background, giving first place to analysis. The most common weekly genres of the time were pamphlet, essay, writing. New genres are emerging - a literary and theatrical review, an analytical review that emerged from the notes combined by the rubrics.