Emergence or emergence, systemic effect

Emergence or emergence (from English. Emergent - arising, unexpectedly appearing) [1] in system theory - the presence of any system of special properties that are not inherent in its elements, as well as the sum of elements that are not connected by special system-forming links; irreducibility of system properties to the sum of properties of its components; synonym - "system effect".

In biology and ecology, the concept of emergence can be expressed as follows: one tree is not a forest, the accumulation of individual cells is not an organism. For example, the properties of a biological species or biological population do not represent the properties of individuals, the concepts of heritability, fertility, mortality are not applicable to an individual, but are applicable to the population or species as a whole.

In evolutionism, it is expressed as the emergence of new functional units of the system, which are not reduced to simple rearrangements of already existing elements.

In soil science: the emergent property of soil is fertility.

In the classification of systems, emergence can be the basis of their systematics as a criterion feature of a system.

untraditional computing