Lecture
The difference between absorbed radiation and effective radiation is called the radiation balance of the Earth's surface:
The radiation balance represents the actual gain or loss of radiant energy, which determines whether the surface warms or cools.
Negative values of the radiation balance are observed before sunset and at night; positive values occur after sunrise (h = 10–15°) until sunset at the same altitude. The thermal regime of the soil, water bodies, and the adjacent layers of the atmosphere depends on the value of the radiation balance. Knowledge of the radiation balance is necessary for calculating evaporation from water surfaces and land, and for considering the effect of radiation on humans and living organisms. The geographic distribution of the surface radiation balance and its individual components is presented in the Atlas of the Heat Balance. The atlas was compiled by M.I. Budyko, T.G. Berlyand, and others. The annual radiation balance of the Earth's surface is positive everywhere except Greenland and Antarctica.
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