Magnetoencephalogram - Mu Rhythm Glossary of Terms - Psychophysiology

Lecture

Magnetoencephalogram - a form of recording the electromagnetic activity of the cerebral cortex using magnetometers.
Magnetic resonance imaging - a non-invasive (without penetration) method for studying the structures of the brain.
Cerebral mantle - the cerebral hemispheres covering the cerebellum and the brainstem.
Manual - done by hand.
Masculinization - the process of accumulation of secondary male sexual characteristics in a female individual. The manifestation and intensification of male traits in the body under the influence of androgens. Masculinization is more often used in relation to the male sex, virilization - to the female.
Masculinity - the totality of somatic, psychic and behavioral features characteristic of the male sex.
Medial - median, located closer to the median plane of the body.
Mediators - chemical substances that carry out the transfer of excitation from the nerve ending of one cell to others. Mediators include: acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, glutamic acid and others.
Slow electrical activity of the brain - a term characterizing the low-frequency part of the EEG, recorded mainly in the frequency range from 0 to 4 Hz.
Interhemispheric organization of mental processes - the most important psychophysiological characteristic of brain activity, based on the procedural unity of two main aspects of the functional asymmetry (or specialization) of the brain hemispheres and their interaction in ensuring human mental activity.
Interstimulus interval - the pause between successive presentations of a stimulus.
Mesoderm - the middle layer of cells of the developing embryo, from which muscle tissue, the circulatory and excretory systems are formed.
Postsynaptic membrane - the receiving part of the synaptic contact, to which the axon ending of another nerve cell approaches.
Presynaptic membrane - the part of the synaptic contact located at the ending of one nerve cell, most often on the terminal branching of the axon.
Metabolism - the exchange of substances in the body.
Metabolites - substances formed in the body as a result of various biochemical reactions in metabolic processes.
Electrophysiological methods - methods for studying physiological functions, based on recording the bioelectric potentials that arise in the tissues of a living organism spontaneously or in response to external stimulation.
Mechanism of pacemaker activity - the internal generator of a neuron, ensuring the formation of endogenous potentials and the periodic reaching of the threshold for generating action potentials in the absence of an external source of excitation.
Myelin - a fat-like whitish insulating substance forming a sheath around most nerve fibers. The myelin sheaths are responsible for the color of the white matter of the spinal cord and brain.
Myelin sheath - a sheath around the axon possessing high resistance, formed by the fused membranes of Schwann cells or glial cells.
Microspikes - components of a neuron's action potential with an amplitude from 5-10 mV to 60 mV, into which it breaks down after the application of electroshock.
Amygdala - a group of nuclei located deep in the anterior pole of the temporal lobe of the brain; it has close connections with the hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus and olfactory system; it is part of the brain's limbic system. The amygdala coordinates the reactions of the nervous system related to motivations and emotions.
Myography - graphic recording of the mechanical activity of muscles, carried out using a special instrument - a myograph.
Modality - a kind of sensation (for example, touch, vision, smell, etc.).
Modulating system of the brain - specific activating and inactivating structures, localized at different levels of the CNS and regulating the functional states of the organism, in particular the processes of activation in activity and behavior.
Modulatory neurons - nerve cells that receive excitation from local detectors and provide a change in the level of activity of neurons.
Brain - the central part of the nervous system of animals and humans, providing the most advanced forms of regulation of all functions of the organism, its interaction with the environment, higher nervous activity, and in humans also higher mental functions.
Telencephalon - the largest part of the forebrain, including the cerebrum and the olfactory brain.
Olfactory brain - part of the telencephalon, includes the frontal lobe, the cingulate, parahippocampal and dentate gyri.
Forebrain - a part of the brain that develops from the anterior cerebral vesicle; includes the gray matter of the cortex, the subcortical nuclei, as well as the nerve fibers forming the white matter.
Medulla oblongata - a part of the brain that passes into the spinal cord.
Diencephalon - a part of the forebrain beneath the corpus callosum, connecting the hemispheres with the brainstem.
Rhombencephalon - a part of the brain that develops from the posterior cerebral vesicle; consists of the hindbrain and the medulla oblongata.
Midbrain - a part of the brain formed from the middle cerebral vesicle. Includes the roof plate (corpora quadrigemina) and the cerebral peduncles.
Meninges - membranes made of connective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord; include the pia mater, lying directly against the brain, the arachnoid mater, located between the pia and the dura, and the dura mater, the outer meninx.
Cerebellum - the posterior part of the brainstem, providing coordination of movement and maintenance of posture, tone and balance of the body of higher animals. It is also considered one of the higher centers of the autonomic nervous system.
Corpus callosum - a thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain in higher animals. The corpus callosum ensures the integrity of the brain's functioning.
Monaural hearing - perception of sound signals with one ear.
Monoamine oxidase - an enzyme involved in the metabolism of the mediators dopamine and noradrenaline; it removes the excess mediator after its use.
Monoaminergic - relating to the brain system in which monoamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) act as mediators.
Morphofunctional - relating simultaneously to structure and its function.
Pons, pons Varolii - a massive fibrous tract located at the base of the brain, bounded posteriorly by the medulla oblongata and anteriorly by the cerebral peduncles; it performs conductive and regulatory functions. All sensory and motor pathways of the CNS pass through the pons; it regulates autonomic reactions (lacrimation, salivation, chewing, swallowing, etc.), and participates in voice production.
Motoneuron (motor neuron) - a nerve cell whose axon innervates muscle fibers.
Motor reaction - a response to a stimulus through muscular movements, as opposed to secretory reactions, carried out by means of glands of internal or external secretion (release of chemical substances by the organism).
Mutism - complete silence.
Muscle spindle - a terminal organ within a skeletal muscle, from which afferent sensory fibers originate and on which several motoneurons form endings.
Muscle tone - a weak muscular tension existing almost all the time, preventing complete relaxation of the body and helping to maintain a certain posture.
Mu rhythm - a rhythm observed in the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex, having the same oscillation frequency as the alpha rhythm.