- Capital - cephalic, located closer to the head.
- Capital section - a vertical section in the anteroposterior direction.
- Cardiogram - a graphic recording of the movements of the chest, obtained when registering the work of the heart.
- Brain biopotential mapping - a special method of recording and visualizing various EEG parameters, allowing the predominant distribution of these parameters over the cerebral cortex to be revealed.
- Geniculate bodies of the thalamus - subcortical centers of the visual system
- Cortico-limbic interaction = cortico - see cerebral cortex; limbic - see limbic system
- Catabolism - the totality of metabolic reactions in the body corresponding to dissimilation and consisting in the breakdown of complex organic substances; as a result, the organism obtains energy and plastic resources for active vital activity.
- Catalepsy - numbness, a freezing of the whole body or limbs in some position, accompanied by a loss of the ability for voluntary movements.
- Catatonia - a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by muscle spasms, impairment of voluntary movements, or excessive motor excitation.
- Catecholamines - hormones and mediators that actively participate in physiological and biochemical processes. These include adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.
- Caudal - posterior (in animals).
- Causal - causative.
- GSR (galvanic skin response) - a change in the electrical activity of the skin; measured in two variants based on the assessment of the electrical resistance or conductance of various areas of the skin; used in the diagnosis of the functional states and emotional reactions of a person.
- Kinesthetic sensations - sensations of the position of parts of one's own body and of the muscular efforts applied during movement.
- Kinesthesia - the totality of processes providing for the emergence of sensations that characterize the position of various parts of the body of humans and animals during movement.
- Classical conditioning (development of conditioned reflexes) - a type of learning in which an initially neutral stimulus (for example, a sound) begins to evoke a response (salivation) after it has been repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food).
- Clinical electroencephalography - an applied branch of electrophysiology in which electroencephalography is used for the diagnosis of diseases and the effectiveness of treatment of the CNS.
- Coherence - the degree of synchronization of the EEG frequency parameters between different parts of the cerebral cortex.
- Cognitive - relating to cognition, having to do with knowledge.
- Cognitive psychophysiology - a field of psychophysiology studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processes: perception, attention, memory, thinking.
- Collapse - a pathological condition characterized by depression of the CNS with a sharp decrease in arterial and venous pressure.
- Cortical columns - groups of cortical neurons possessing identical properties (for example, with respect to sensory modality, position, or orientation of the receptive field, etc.).
- Coma - a state of deep loss of consciousness, life-threatening, characterized by a complete absence of reactions to external stimuli.
- Commissure - a group of nerve fibers connecting two symmetrical parts of the brain with one another.
- Complementarity - the mutual correspondence and complementing of parts in the formation of a whole; the principle of complementarity underlies the self-assembly of biological structures.
- Component - a synonym for the terms "wave," "pattern" of the EEG.
- Convergence - the joining of axons from a group of neurons, arising through the formation of synapses on one and the same postsynaptic neuron.
- Convergence (in perception) - the bringing together of the visual axes of both eyes at one point. Consolidation - the process leading to the fixation of an engram in memory.
- Contamination - the mixing of two or more events in their description.
- Continuum - continuity, unbrokenness, indivisibility of phenomena, processes, functions.
- Contracture - a decrease in the mobility of a joint as a result of changes in the surrounding soft tissues and the neuromuscular apparatus.
- Contralateral - relating to the opposite side of the body.
- Confabulation - false memories, fantasies, observed in memory disorders.
- Cerebral cortex - a layer of gray matter, consisting of nerve cells - neurons, 1-5 mm thick, covering the cerebral hemispheres and playing an extremely important role in the realization of mental, or higher nervous, activity. In humans, the cortex makes up on average 44% of the volume of the hemispheres.
- Correlative - correlational, indicating the presence of a statistical correlational relationship.
- Correlate - an additional indicator, statistically related to the process or phenomenon under study.
- Correlative psychophysiology - a line of research in which mental phenomena are directly compared with physiological functions and indicators.
- Correlation - a statistical measure of the relationship between two or more characteristics; the linear correlation coefficient characterizes the sign and magnitude of this relationship; the higher the value of the linear correlation coefficient, the greater the similarity of the compared sets of data.
- Organ of Corti - a specific formation in the inner ear in which sound waves are converted into electrical impulses.
- Cortical - relating to the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres.
- Corticalization of functions - the increasing role of the cerebral cortex in the development of various psychological and physiological functions in the processes of phylogenesis and ontogenesis.
- Corticopetal influences - ascending streams of nerve impulses directed toward the cerebral cortex from other nerve centers.
- Corticosterone - one of the hormones produced by the cortical layer of the adrenal glands - endocrine glands located at the upper poles of the kidneys; plays an important role in metabolism.
- Corticofugal influences - descending streams of nerve impulses directed from the cerebral cortex to other brain structures.
- Cranial - relating to the skull or located closer to the head.
- Crisis - a sharp, sudden turning point in the course of some process, changing its form, direction, or mechanism of realization.
- Critical period - the single stretch of time in an organism's life cycle when a particular external influence is able to produce the strongest effect.
- Cuticle - a dense formation on the free surface of epithelial cells; especially developed in the integuments of invertebrates.
Lectures and tutorial on "Psychophysiology"
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