- Habituation - a gradual decrease in reactions caused by monotonously applied identical discrete stimuli (see Accustoming).
- Habitus - the set of external features characterizing the structure of the body and the outward appearance of a person: physique, posture, facial expression, skin color, and so on.
- Gamma rhythm - one of the components of the EEG rhythm spectrum; it has a frequency ranging from 30 to 120-170 Hz (according to some authors, up to 500 Hz) and an average amplitude of about 2 µV.
- Ganglion - an anatomically distinct cluster of nerve cells (neurons), fibers and the tissues accompanying them, located (in vertebrates) outside the central nervous system. Nerve signals are processed and integrated here.
- Gastrula - a stage in the development of the embryo of multicellular animals (following the blastula).
- Blood-brain barrier - a physiological mechanism that restricts the access of chemical substances to the neurons and glial cells inside the brain.
- Hemineglect - the ignoring, by patients with damage to the right parietal lobe, of the left half of their body and the left part of external space.
- Hemodynamic pumps - the cardiac pump (the main one in humans) and the peripheral pumps (numerous, more than 600) - peripheral "hearts", venous pumps, the thoracic, abdominal and diaphragmatic pumps, as well as the contractile capacity of the vascular walls.
- Gender - social sex; the differences between men and women that depend not on biology but on social conditions (for example, the social division of labor, social functions, cultural stereotypes, and so on).
- Gender socialization - the process of forming a male or female identity in accordance with the cultural norms accepted in society.
- Gender properties - properties that differentiate individuals according to their sex.
- Gender - related to sex.
- Stimulus generalization - the spread of reactions from one specific stimulus to other, similar stimuli.
- Generalized - widely spreading.
- Generator potential - a graded local shift in potential in a sensory receptor, caused by an adequate stimulus.
- Germinal period - the period of rapid development and primary differentiation of cells, beginning at the moment of conception and lasting about 2 weeks.
- Gerontology - the science that studies the phenomena of aging.
- Hetero- - part of compound words denoting "other", "different" (for example, heterogeneity).
- Heterogeneous - different, unequal, dissimilar, consisting of components that differ in composition.
- Heterokinesis - a differing rate of maturation.
- Heterochrony - 1) a change in the timing of the laying down and the rate of development of individual organs, or of the whole organism, in offspring, for example acceleration; 2) the non-simultaneous maturation of individual functional systems of organisms in the course of ontogenesis.
- Hibernation - winter dormancy in animals, caused by a decrease in the temperature of the environment and by certain cyclical changes in the animal's body - in its metabolism, and in the state of the endocrine, immune, nervous and other systems.
- Hyper- - a prefix indicating an excess above the norm, for example hyperreactivity (the opposite of "hypo-").
- Hyperdynamia - an excessive increase in the strength of muscle contractions under the influence of maximal physical loads.
- Hyperesthesia - increased sensitivity to stimuli acting on the sense organs.
- Hyperkinesis - excessive involuntary violent movements occurring in certain diseases of the central nervous system.
- Hyperkinesia - increased motor muscular activity.
- Hypermnesia - a pathological intensification of memory, its heightening with a flood of vivid images and bright, concrete sensory recollections.
- Hyperplasia - an increase in the number of cells, intracellular structures, or intercellular fibrous formations, due to the enhanced function of an organ or as a result of a pathological tissue growth.
- Hyperpolarization - an increase in the membrane potential compared with the resting level; accompanied by a decrease in excitability.
- Hyperreactivity - excessive activity, weak control of drives.
- Hypersynchronization - 1) excessive synchronization of neuronal discharges, observed in epileptic discharges in the cortex of the brain; 2) intensification and ordering of EEG rhythms, usually expressed in an increase in the amplitude and index of the alpha rhythm.
- Hypertrophy - an excessive increase in the volume of an organ or part of the body, due to an increase in the size and number (in the latter case called hyperplasia) of their constituent specific cellular elements.
- Hypo- - a prefix indicating a decrease below the norm, for example hypodynamia (the opposite of "hyper-").
- Hypodynamia - a state of decreased motor activity.
- Hypokinesis - a decrease in voluntary movements in strength and range, due to a disease of the muscles or of the nervous system.
- Hypoplasia - underdevelopment of a tissue, an organ, a part of the body, or the whole organism.
- Hypofunction - decreased activity of an organ, system or tissue (the opposite of "hyperfunction").
- Hysteresis - a delay in time of the body's reaction relative to the external influence that causes it.
- Eye dominance - the predominant dominance of the left or right eye in the perception of the simplest stimuli.
- Glia - cells that fill the space in the brain between the nerve cells - the neurons.
- Hypothalamus - a brain structure located below the optic thalami, responsible for metabolism, for the coordination of autonomic functions with mental and somatic functions, for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, and for the adaptation of the organism to changes in the external and internal environment.
- Pituitary gland - an endocrine gland located in the deep structures of the brain, playing a leading role in the hormonal regulation of the organism; it is connected to the hypothalamus by a bundle of nerve fibers, thanks to which nervous regulation of the organism's endocrine system is possible.
- Hippocampus - a paired brain structure located in the deep layers of the temporal lobes of the brain; in cross-section it resembles the shape of a seahorse. It belongs to the limbic system and plays an important role in the processes of working memory.
- Brain - the anterior part of the central nervous system of vertebrate animals and of humans, housed within the skull. The brain is the main regulator of all the vital functions of the organism.
- Homeo- - the first component of compound words denoting similarity, unity, belonging to the same thing, corresponding in meaning to the words "similar", "alike", "the same".
- Homeostasis - the relative dynamic constancy of the composition and properties of the internal environment of the organism, and the stability of its basic physiological reactions.
- Homo- - the first component of compound words meaning "similar", "equal" (corresponding to "one-", the opposite of "hetero-").
- Homogeneous - uniform in composition.
- Homunculus - a hypothetical "little man" supposedly located inside the brain and integrating the sensations of the "self".
- Gonadotropic hormones (gonadotropins) - hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, exerting a stimulating effect on the development and function of the sex glands - the gonads.
- Gonads - the sex glands.
- Hormone - a biochemical secretion of an endocrine gland, which is carried by the blood or by other body fluids to a specific organ or tissue and performs the function of a stimulator or accelerator.
- Hormonal regulation - regulation of the activity of the organism, or of its individual systems, carried out with the help of hormones.
- Humoral factors - biologically active substances formed in various tissues and organs, whose action on the organism is mediated through its fluid media.
- Humoral - relating to the fluid internal media of the organism.
Lectures and tutorial on "Psychophysiology"
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